26). . London: G. Allen and Unwin, 1962. http://search.lib.virginia.edu/catalog/u1163487. Edited by Graham Sandberg and A. William Heyde. Only Buddhist practitioners who are Non-returners (, (accompanied by) which the Tibetan translates as. ) 4806 of the Asiatic Society, Calcutta. The highlighting of faith and the use of elements from the Siddhrthas hagiography are aspects of Buddhism that coincided and contributed to the rise of the Great Vehicle. There are seven variations to The Hebrew Spelling of the name, MAITREYA and all seven Calculate to six hundred and sixty six = 666. These are the Buddhist Pure Lands that the highest realm of cyclic existence. And having sat down under those [branches] of that [tree], Maitreya, the highest of people, the leader. By propitiating such a one like the compassionate Maitreya, best of bipeds, in time you will proceed to nirva. Such a king would be called a Chakravartin, or a turner of wheels, referring the kings chariot wheels having turned in circumscribing his kingdom. 49 (AMV 11), (LH 981.7, NT 961.4). as endowed with brightness but as having flags, or more creatively festooned.. 105 (AMV 20); () (LH 986.6, NT 965.7). LHs term translates as correctly ceasing. Though neither text uses the most common Tibetan word for transcendence, , that term best fits all the parameters here. It looks most like a future causative, though for that would be . advertisement. In some Buddhist literature, such as the Amitabha Sutra and the Lotus Sutra, the being is referred to as Ajita. See the next verse. [108]. See the next verse. These are the Buddhist Pure Lands that the highest realm of cyclic existence. Tibetan has , though Jim Valby has honor as a definition of, Atkinson, David W. Maitreya, the Future Buddha., Lvi, Sylvain. 173 (AMV 30), (LH 991.3). 86In the Sanskrit there appears to be no indication that this is a quote from Maitreya except the use of the pronoun I . 1.2.1 A Page from the Sacred History of the Lord Buddha: The Predestined Maitreya; 1.3 Maitreya's Mission Vol. - Shoghi Effendi, God Passes By, p. 66The main translation here follows version B (AMV 14) with which the Tibetan agrees: Having properly lifted that [boy] Maitreya, blazing with glory and possessing the thirty-two marks, the midwife will give him into the hands of his mother ( , LH 983.4-983.5, NT 962.7-963.1). Maitreya - "The Coming Teacher of mankind". Rick Branch. MW (533.2) equates this with the Ngaruka tree, or the Sweet Orange tree (Citrus sinensis). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1989. (10), The beings there will be faultless, sinless, joyful, and full of life. In this case they are reading as , half. (31) [12] [NT 962], Neither lying down nor sitting, that woman, who will have fulfilled her duty,56 will stand, grasp the branch of a tree, and give birth to Maitreya. means duck whereas are long grasses used to make mats. Please have the kindness to lend me an ear. The Buddha responded to riputra, As you ask, I will respond. Then riputra addressed himself to the Bhagavan and said: (S. Lvi, Maitreya, 390). The notion here is that the oceans recede creating a path for such a world-ruling king to circumscribe the whole world, presuming there is a single landmass surrounded by ocean. 109 (AMV 21); (LH 986.7, NT 966.2). Full references are listed in the Bibliography. As the Tulku Buddha Maitreya, He is the Living Buddha re-establishing the Dharma and the Sangha for the entire planet. Tibetan has you will achieve great things (, 30, missing in edition A/Lvi). 43, (AMV 9; LH 981.3; NT 960.6) In the Buddhist worldview, the world is divided into four great continents. BHS Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit as a language form. Lvi (393) includes this line in his translation. However, contextually it is redundant. 110This is essentially a repeat of verse 60 (AMV p. 21). (86), The resounding music will be divine,142 and a divine garland will fall [from the sky]. 127 (AMV 23). (99), They indeed will go to the far shore, having thus severed the hold on [attachments] net,161 and having obtained the meditative states, they will be in complete possession of joy and happiness and will practice the way of a priest under Maitreyas instruction. Literally, voice possessing eight parts of the eight parts () Edgerton (81.2) says, having 8 (unspecified good) qualities, substantially = excellent, fine, supreme. I cannot find any other reference to the eight qualities or parts of the voice. 113 (AMV 21), (LH 987.2, NT 966.4). (23), At that time, this lord of the land, who is called akha, will have four great treasures each with a billion jewels. The form of the verb in this verse is third person singular. 121 (AMV 23) The Tibetan has: It is because you have well taken vows in the teachings of the Lion of the kyas and having achieved them just as they are described that you have indeed come into my teachings. ( LH 987.3-987.4). Conze does not translate this verse. Stras which focus on Maitreya, such as the Maitreyavyakarana (Maitreya Prophecy) and The Sutra That Expounds the Descent of Maitreya Buddha (Taisho 454). 6. The closest Tibetan words to are either which means to split or which means To make laugh, smile.. by Prabhas Chandra Majumder. Out of the 108 verses of the text only two are devoted to describing Maitreyas doctrine, and these are simply a summary of the Four Noble Truths. The Sanskrit word, "Maitreya" (Pali: Metteya) which means, "The Benevolent One," simply refers to the future Buddha. 79Conze (240) skips the next five verses until verse 53. Sudhana is the name of the protagonist in the, Sudhana to which this is a reference, and out of that cycle coalesced the, Tibetan leaves this out and instead has , d after the constellation of the same name. Of these, the most important is the Angatavasa ("The Chronicle of the Future [Buddha]"). See Patrick Olivelle, Patajali and the Beginnings of Dharmastra: An Alternative Social History of Early Dharmastra Production, in Aux Abords de La Clairire: tudes Indiennes et Compares En lHonneur de Charles Malamoud, by Silvia DIntino and Caterina Guenzi, vol. heaven, awaiting his last rebirth when the time is ripe. by Prabhas Chandra Majumder (Calcutta: Calcutta Oriental Press, 1959). The prophecy of the arrival of Maitreya refers to a time in the future when the dharma will have been forgotten by most on the terrestrial world. As with most Hindu myths, there are several versions. (Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1933, rep. 1972), 277-294. , p. 272. Maitreya is allegedly a bodhisattva, the term for one who . sacrifice, in which a horse would be released and the king and his army would follow it for a year conquering anyone in its path. 155Pja is the Indian ritual of honoring and worshipping a deity or a human seen as a deity. Mukhopadhyay, 1959. http://search.lib.virginia.edu/catalog/u4600447. One still has a body here but not the coarser aspects of desire. According to Buddhist tradition, Maitreya is a bodhisattva who is prophesied to appear on Earth, achieve complete . The Maitreyavyankarna or "The Prophecy Concerning Maitreya". Lvis transcription (386, v. 56) does not have this extra word. 100Approximately 311 to 764 miles, depending on the calculation of the size of a yojana. 123Edition B does not have the standard refrain for this section. the figure of Indra, another mainstay of Brahmic culture, seems to have played an increasingly prominent role in the story over time. Tibetan and Edition A have Having compassion for all beings (, , AMV 29 n.1, LH 990.4, NT 969.2). The Prophecy of the Superior Maitreya5 belongs to a sub-genre of the Avadna known as prophecy or revelation.6 The designation of prophecy is given to these works, because in them a Buddha foretells the future enlightenment of one of their disciple-Bodhisattvas. During these sabbaths lay people undertake eight vows: 1. not to kill, 2. not to steal, 3. not to be unchaste, 4. not to lie, 5. not to drink alcohol, 6. only eat before noon, 7. refrain from singing and dancing, and 8. not to sleep in an elevated or large bed. Two nga kings will bathe him with streams of warm and cool water. 159 (AMV 28), (LH 990.3, NT 969.1). The attribution of the text to ryacandra is notable. Lamotte also maintains there is such a text in the Chinese tradition. Having first performed a sacrifice, he will offer it to the twice-born.81 (49), And82 upon his bestowing of the charming, bejeweled sacrificial post to them, [LH 985] the thousands of Brhmaas will immediately divided it [among themselves].83 (50), And having seen this transitoriness of the sacrificial post, Maitreya will contemplate the whole of cyclic existence, and he will long to go forth from home [in renunciation]. I had reviewed my favorite primer, Harts. According to scriptures, Maitreya will be a successor to the present Buddha, Gautama Buddha (also known as kyamuni Buddha). The Indian measurement vyma () is equivalent to two extended arms (MW, 1038.1). (44), He will have a voice74 [like] Brahm with great resonance,75, have golden colored [skin of] great splendor. 160 (AMV 28), (LH 990.3, NT 969.1). Maitreya is a bodhisattva who in the Buddhist tradition is to appear on Earth, achieve complete enlightenment, and teach the pure dharma. Let go, Thousand-Eyes! and (Maitreya porteur des trente-deux marques. However, the text was probably written somewhere between the end of the 2nd century CE and the beginning of the 3rd. The verb in Sanskrit is (nirv), the root of Nirva, meaning to I will be extinguished/blown out (). There was likely a cycle of literature around the figure of Sudhana to which this is a reference, and out of that cycle coalesced the Array of Stalks Stra. 6. Trees will grow that produce beautiful cloth of various colors. spent the noble, auspicious, eight-limbed. The Maitreya Prophecy. I will not visit [this world] again.62 Without contaminations I will go to uncontaminated Nirva.63 (36), I will effect the liberation of sentient beings immersed in the sea of cyclic existence, who experience great suffering and are bound by the fetters of thirst.64 (37), And the gods will hold up a white parasol over the head of that [boy]. But it would then be the name of the king or an adjective modifying king, and there would be no name for the priest. However, the Tibetans interpret it differently, translating as banner, flag, top ornament (), the other meaning. containing hints of those elements, is distinctly more limited than those later Great Vehicle epics. Lvi (394) has Its foliage extend for six lengths of the voice. will see the thoroughly enlightened Maitreya, the best of bipeds. The prophecy of the arrival of Maitreya references a time when the Dharma will have been forgotten on Jambudvipa. We can see here one of the central issues that Buddhism struggled with during the early days of the Great Vehicle (and indeed since Buddhisms inception), namely how to can Buddhismwhich ostensibly demands renunciation of the householder life styleprovide a relevant and satisfying path of practice for the lay person. 55 (AMV 11), (LH 982.3, NT 961.7). See Whitney, Sanskrit Grammar, 102-103 ( 304). (13) gives B as the preferred reading, though Majumder says the Tibetan agrees with A, which reads: ) will bathe him with streams of warm and cool water. Rising and falling [according to ones needs], Sweet and fragrant rice will grow that requires no cultivation. Those women will give birth to sons with ease and well-being. Majumder has (AMV 14, n. 2), but Lvi (386, v. 44) gives , literally pregnant wives. He was given the name, which fulfills the prophecy that, "Many will come in my name and will call themselves," Christ (or Maitreya ). Nakamura, Hajima. Numbers in brackets without a sigla represent the page number from that same edition. In neither case can I make sense of the continuative. 146Version A has whose splendor is great (). Majumders edition of the Sanskrit text, pp. Tib. 51 (AMV 11), (LH 982.2; NT 961.5). Having done only minimal research, I wonder, a genre of texts that were prevalent in Central Asia around this time. The meaning here seems to be closer to (reality) since it is described as the highest level (), whereas to our modern secular ears the word doctrine connotes more of a dogmatic rule than a true description of reality. consultation of other scholars from any of these traditions. 1 Quotes about. In , Narthang, 74:96071. In this context it could simply mean, with the body of the [true] doctrine/religion. This is the way it is used in the Pli canon (Aggaa Sutta, DN 409 n. 822). 98Version A combines verses 58 & 59 in a different way: Suffering, the arising of suffering, the complete passing beyond suffering, the holy eightfold path that is peaceful and leads to nirvaseeing that the crowd is well-disposed, he will relate these truths. Tibetan has (LH 983.5, NT 963.2). Although there is no scriptural evidence that the antichrist will come in the form of such a person, there are similarities between them. Gilgit manuscripts date between 400 to 600 C.E. You have been encompassed125 by the sage, the best of teachers, whose intelligence is great.126 (76), Seeing that the audience is receptive, [Maitreya] will speak these truths, and having heard them, they will thus attain to the truth,127 the highest stage. His name means Conch Shell. Conze (239) resumes his translation of the text with this verse. The Prophecy of Maitreya does not focus in detail on the doctrine taught by the future Buddha. This practice was adopted by the Buddha from other ascetic sects in his day. Majumder however used both the Shastri Collection manuscript and a second one found at Gilgit that might not have been available to Lvi in 1932. The Sanskrit derives from - down, off and meaning giving. The Tibetan resumes the order of verses in the Sanskrit with, and is the reading preferred by Prof. Majumder (. 2, 1997, p193-200). Out of the 108 verses of the text only two are devoted to describing Maitreyas doctrine, and these are simply a summary of the Four Noble Truths. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 1996. in this future time, Maitreyas fathers name is Subrahma, which means good priest, and he is the skilled minister of the then world-ruling king. Lvi, Sylvain. and the Japanese monograph on Maitreyas Pure-land by Matsumoto Bunzabur. 2: Buddhist Literature and Jaina Literature (Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1933, rep. 1972), 277-294. The Tibetan is: (LH 987.6-988.1; 966.7-967.2). Because, for now, those are four of the more bizarre predictions from ancient Buddhist texts. 71 (AMV 14), (LH 983.7, NT 963.3). So the translation arms has been used as the unit of measurement, and the numbers have been doubled. Each treasure is associated with a different region of ancient India. 101This is following both the Tibetan (LH 986.4; NT 965.5) and Version A: (AMV 19 n.6). The Tibetan also uses the verb to touch: (LH 985.2, NT 964.4). (24) [11], [These treasures are:] the Pigala in Kaliga, the Puka in Mithil, the Elapatra in Gndhra, and the akha in the town of Vrasi.47 (25), Born through the force of hundreds of meritorious deeds, the king will be a great hero in complete possession of these four treasures. 169 (AMV 30, missing in edition A/Lvi). one like the compassionate Maitreya, best of bipeds, in time you will proceed to nirva. 171 (AMV 30), (LH 991.2, NT 969.6). Lvi (21) adds after this verse: Maitreya bearer of the thirty-two marks. The last word is also uncertain. Maitreya (Sanskrit), Metteyya (Pli), or Jampa (Tibetan), is a future Buddha of this world in Buddhist eschatology. His eyes will be like the petals of a lotus.76 (45), His body will have a height of 50 hands,77 and thus with abundance he will grow up and out into a handsome form.78 (46), [At an assembly] attended by 84,000 people, [NT 964] that [youth] Maitreya will teach about mantras.79 (47) [16], Then, akha, the lord of men, will erect a sacrificial post 32 arms wide by 2000 arms tall.80 (48), The lord of men will decorate that sacrificial post with various jewels. The Maitreyavyakarana, also known as The Maitreya Prophecy, can possibly be said to have been fulfilled in our present day. . 452. 44 (a.k.a., or ) (AMV 10; LH 981.3; NT 960.7) These are seven treasures that a wheel-turning world ruler must possess: 1. a precious wheel (, ), 2. a precious jewel (, ), 3. a precious queen (, ), 4. a precious minister (, ), 5. a precious elephant (, ), 6. a precious horse (, ), and 7. a precious general (, ). The clue that helps us to understand when the Maitreya will be manifested is: " . 104Following edition A and the Tibetan: (AMV 20, n. 3) and (LH 986.5, NT 965.6). Since the Tibetan ends with the (zhes), this indicates the end of Maitreyas speech in the story in the Tibetan translation. And thus, having heard the doctrine, they will progress in the teaching (AMV 19 n. 3; Lvi 387 vv. In this context it could simply mean, , the body of the [true] doctrine/religion., This is the way it is used in the Pli canon (, he Tibetan and edition A have: Having trained them in the excellent doctrine (, , 29). Once he renounces worldly life, it takes Maitreya only a day to achieve enlightenment. The future life of Maitreya as described by the Buddha in this text makes use of several of the elements of the Gautama Buddhas own hagiographymemorialized in the famous work, The Acts of the Buddha,10 by Avaghoa (c. 80-150 CE)but with notable differences. idyllic pregnancy, and, while she holds a branch of a tree, the baby will emerge from her side to avoid, the crud of birth. time in the future his tree of enlightenment will be, ). Lvi (394) translates it more literally as Dragon Tree (larbre du dragon), as does Conze (240). 5. Placed, the impression that this text does indeed stand, as Winternitz described Avadna literature in general, , with one foot in the Hnayna literature, and the other in that of the Mahyna., This would suggest a date of composition slightly earlier than the 400-600 CE of the Gilgit manuscripts. 4:40 PREVIEW Encircled. In verse 27 the name is given as Subrahmaa (). You beings are impelled by that, and so you have met with me. I cannot find any other reference to the eight qualities or parts of the voice. Maitreyas disillusionment with the world also takes a different form. 2d ed. So the translation arms has been used as the unit of measurement, and the numbers have been doubled. Common Buddhist lore is that in Maitreyas time in the future his tree of enlightenment will be the Nga-tree ( [AMV 18], [LH 985.2; NT 964.7). They will cause no harm and be virtuous. His third congregation will be of a full 220 million Hearers. though in some versions, they are guarded by ngas. the rise of the Great Vehicle. Pigala (tawny, gold-colored) is located in, Kaliga, a historical region on the east coast of India below Calcutta. 1. (AMV 18 n.3). , , . ) In the English translation that follows, verse numbers will be included in parentheses at the end of the verse. The name is taken from the Sanskrit maitri (in Pali, metta ), which means "loving kindness." In Mahayana Buddhism, Maitreya is the embodiment of all-encompassing love. The message to lay people is that faith is enough for this life now; in the future they can actually practice the path of renunciation under Maitreya, and at that point it will not be so hard. Also translated as Great Achievements and so forth. 395-405, particularly pp. I will effect the liberation of sentient beings immersed in the sea of cyclic existence, who experience great suffering and are bound by the fetters of thirst.. 74 (), 958-969 (BDRC W22703, digital copy accessed June 1, 2018: https://www.tbrc.org/#library_work_ViewByOutline-O01JW00501JW15936%7CW22703). That Maitreya, the highest of people, accompanied by the 84,000 [followers] will leave to go forth in renunciation. illuminates to Maitreya the transitory, decaying nature of the world and prompts him to leave his home. . As for the origin of the first version, Majumder says: The Asiatic Society manuscript of the text was written during the 57th year of Gopladeva of the Pla dynasty of Bengal. 25, * (AMV 6; LH 980.1;NT 959.5). 5, , hereafter AMV. 83. 149The Sanskrit word for both do homage and bow to is namaste, (AMV 27). I could not locate a version of the text in the sDe dge edition of the bKa gyur. I do not know Chinese and so have not been able to avail myself of those translations as Lvi and Conze did. Instead of the four signs of suffering and release that inspires Siddhrtha to renounce his home, the future Maitreya is disillusioned by the sundering of the sacrificial post (verses 50-51). They will have eliminated obstacles. It is then that the main focus of the story becomes apparent. The earth will be free from thorns and level, with verdant plains. However, I am not quite clear on their meaning. However, Nakamura also equates the two. (LH 989.2). The Temple will be build and the image of a Buddha will be erected there 10 to 20 years later. The meaning here seems to be closer to, (reality) since it is described as the highest level (. Pentecost is a prime example of this Holy Spirit fire. He will be a great hero, raised to his station by the force of hundreds of meritorious deeds. Then he translates the equivalent of verse 27. and tr). Atkinson, David W. Maitreya, the Future Buddha. Religious Studies and Theology; Maitreya, the Future Buddha 9, no. The Tibetan is (LH 983.7, NT 963.2-963.3). Vaishnavism or Vishnuism). For a brief but interesting discussion of the historical significance of the uposatha, see Sukumar Dutt, Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India, 104-106. and kyamunis main female lay disciple, also called Mgramtar. Time. 8Jeremy Norman, The Gilgit Manuscripts, the Oldest Manuscript Collection Surviving in Pakistan and India, https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=4213 (Accessed February 14, 2021). 142 (AMV 26). Lvi (397) appears to follow the Tibetan, they will have torn the net of desires (ils auront dchir le filet des dsirs). The attribution of the text to ryacandra is notable. 3. Neither lying down nor sitting, that woman, who will have fulfilled her duty, The best of men will exit the womb from the right side [of his mother], just like the shining sun coming out from behind a mass of clouds. 6; LH 980.2-980.3; NT 959.6-959.7). The Bhaiajya-guru-vairya-prabh-rja Stra, which focuses on Bhaiajyaguru, a healing Buddha also known as the "Medicine Buddha". Having heard this extraordinary [tale] and having seen such abundant good fortune, Therefore, those who, here and now, are desirous of emancipation. The Maitreya Prophecy, 'Maitreyavyakarana' By Andrew Dwight Harris. Mais lui, peine n, parlera: Laisse, laisse, Mille-Yeux, et). In either case, the vignette seems distinctly out of place. In , Lhasa, 74:98296. We indeed wish to hear about this leader. (3). See note 49. The answer provided here is not much different from the answer provided in the early days of Buddhism: going for refuge, taking the lay vows, practicing the fasting days, and making offerings to the community. One recent translation is: Avaghoa and Patrick Olivelle, Life of the Buddha, Clay Sanskrit library (New York: New York University Press, JJC Foundation, 2008), https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015077136920?urlappend=%3Bsignon=swle:urn:mace:incommon:virginia.edu. After this one, Conze skips the next fourteen verses and resumes his translation with verse 91. To a vast audience that stretches for miles, donating to monasteries, worshiping at Stupas, and, These words are put in the mouth of Maitreya, whereas the Four Noble Truths are presented, Buddhist community and the future audience of Maitreya, It is a story written primarily for lay Buddhist practitioners saying to them. Both Indra and Brahm (the two main gods of Hinduism prior to the rise of iva and Viu)11 join the Buddhist ranks in this story. 3-10, gives the Tibetan version of the text since both Sanskrit manuscripts are missing that section. See note 43 for further details. Conze simply translates this as Some time ago (Conze. Maitreya (Sanskrit: ) or Metteyya (Pali: ), also Maitreya Buddha or Metteyya Buddha, is regarded as the future Buddha of this world in Buddhist eschatology.As the 5th and final Buddha of the current kalpa, Maitreya's teachings will be aimed at reinstating the dharma, a vital concept in Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism. It is only upon penetrating the truth of existence (according to the Buddhists) that one is liberated from this cycle of existence and achieves lasting peace, or nirva (, ). The word outflows () appears to be in the nominative plural, but this would require the verb to be passive which would be . Lvi (390-391) translates, when one jumps on it, it lowers itself and becomes soft like the leaves of cotton (, has when one jumps on it, it gives way, and becomes soft like the leaves of the cotton tree., as a continuative, whereas I am interpreting it as one of a pair of opposites: rising up (. Following edition A, Lvi translates il voudra quitter le monde. Conze skips these two verses. 107 (AMV 20). 75 (AMV 15), (LH 984.3, NT 963.6). . (63), Then, a householder known by the name of Sudhana105 whose being is pure106 [NT 966] will right there go forth [from his home] on account of Maitreyas instruction.107 (64), At this point, the jewel of women [i.e., the main wife] of akha, known by the name Vikh108 along with 84,000 women, will step forward and desire to go forth. Thompson, Richard. Lvi explains this abrupt shift by interpolating a line, the source of which he does not give, but one can surmise it is from the Chinese versions, of which there are several. The stra called the Lions Roar on the Turning of the Wheel Discourse (cakkavatti-shanda-sutta). Conze follows suit (240).
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