lambert simnel primary sources

(23) Jasper Ridley claims that this shows that "Henry VII was not a vindictive man, and his style of government was quiet and efficient, never using more cruelty or deceit than was necessary. It seeks to probe the mysteries surrounding Lambert Simnel . However, this ended in failure when he was given sanctuary by a group of Breton noblemen in Brittany. One of his pupils was Lambert Simnel who had a striking similarity to the sons of Edward IV the Princes in the Tower. Elizabeth of York was placed in the London household of his mother, Margaret Beaufort. (37)Catherine and Prince Arthur wrote several letters to each other. Henry could not complain as Arthur, now aged fifteen, was very small and undeveloped and was "half a head shorter" than Catherine. Influenza Encyclopedia - University of Michigan - Rich collection of primary source documents, images, and narratives that detail the impact of the American influenza epidemic of 1918-1919 on 50 cities in the United States. Available at:https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/tudor-england/the-lambert-simnel-rebellion/, Perkin Warbeck. There was no serious evidence of treason against either, although their blood made them a potential cause of treason in others. (30) Warbeck managed to escape but he was soon recaptured and on 18th June, 1499, he was sent to the Tower of London for life. Simnel, one of the many pretenders to the throne of Henry VII, was put forward as Edward, earl of Warwick, nephew of Richard III. On the death of Edward IV in 1483, his young sons, Edward and Richard, were usurped by their uncle, Richard, Duke of Gloucester. Charles VIII of France welcomed him, and although Henry was quick to block French involvement through the Treaty of Etaples, the support of the French king sent a powerful signal. This pretender was Lambert Simnel, in reality the ten-year-old son of an Oxford craftsman. His other progeny included the classic winners Court Martial, Festoon, and Palestine. He died some time after 1534. 397) and fifteen (Bacon). The man faltered at first, and then plainly confessed he could not tell where. And then a convenient figurehead appeared. The sea-crossing was terrible: a violent storm blew up in the Bay of Biscay, and the ship was tossed about for several days in rough seas and the captain was forced to return to Spain. (56), Roger Lockyer has argued that "Empson was the only prominent member of Henry's Council to come from a bourgeois background - his father was a person of some importance in the town of Towcester - and the idea that Henry VII surrounded himself with 'middle-class men' is very misleading. In 1996, Blyth Power's album Out From Under the King included a song, Lambert Simnel. Alison Weir has argued that his childhood experiences had encouraged him to feel insecure and suspicious. When the Stanley brothers arrived they did not join either of the two armies. vi. Henry VII constantly feared an invasion from his powerful neighbour. Subscribe to our Spartacus Newsletter and keep up to date with the latest articles. (Answer Commentary), Anne Boleyn - Religious Reformer (Answer Commentary), Did Anne Boleyn have six fingers on her right hand? They then moved to Ludlow Castle. (2) Polydore Vergil described him as as "a comely youth, and well favoured, not without some extraordinary dignity and grace of aspect". In the 1972 BBC serial The Shadow of the Tower, Simnel was portrayed by Gary Warren. The only part of France still held by the English was the Marches of Calais, a strip of territory around the town of Calais. (Answer Commentary). (33), Puebla reported that Arthur had "many excellent qualities". In i486, the year following the accession of Henry VII., rumours were disseminated by the adherents of the Yorkist dynasty that the two . A Study in Catholic Propaganda. He also provided funding for Warbeck's 1,400 supporters. This is partly due to sheer chance and partly to the king's habit of never giving himself away. [13], This article is about the English person. Alison Weir has argued that Arthur was suffering from consumption: "There was concern about the Prince's delicate health. (5)King Louis XI of France agreed to Edward's request to try and capture Henry. (23) Jasper Ridley claims that this shows that "Henry VII was not a vindictive man, and his style of government was quiet and efficient, never using more cruelty or deceit than was necessary. Her party included the Count and Countess de Cabra, a chamberlain, Juan de Diero, Catherine's chaplain, Alessandro Geraldini, three bishops and a host of ladies, gentlemen and servants. Henry VII was not a vindictive man, and his style of government was quiet and efficient, never using more cruelty or deceit than was necessary. By 13th June, 1496, the Cornishmen, said to number 15,000, were at Guildford. Henry Tudor, the second son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond and Margaret Beaufort, was born in Pembroke Castle on 28th January 1457. At East Stoke, near Newark, on 16 June, Henry's archers decimated the unarmoured Irish levies, and after hard fighting his vanguard, again under Oxford, put the rebels to flight. And, should the young King Henry prove intractable, there were always more pliant contenders for the crown to be found. (39), Catherine of Aragon arrived in England on 2nd October 1501. And with the royal family in disarray there were many missing nobles with a better claim than Henry. [2], Simon noticed a striking resemblance between Lambert and the sons of Edward IV, so he initially intended to present Simnel as Richard, Duke of York, son of King Edward IV, the younger of the vanished Princes in the Tower. (38)Catherine left the port of Corunna on 20th July 1501. For example, Henry VII's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was only thirteen when she had him and never had any other children in the course of four marriages. 335. Some of its leaders were hanged, drawn and quartered. Various sources claim different parentage, but it is definite that he had a humble origin. Secondary Source Bird, Caroline. The right of Succession (of any child born to Catherine and Henry) depends on the undoubted legitimacy of the treaty." In October 1499 Arthur wrote to her thanking her for the "sweet letters" she had sent him: "I cannot tell you what an earnest desire I feel to see your Highness, and how vexatious to me is this procrastination about your coming. The King believed, as did most other people, that Arthur had been over-exerting himself in the marriage bed." Richard's usurpation split the Yorkist party down the middle and transformed Henry Tudor's position. "It was said the English vice was overeating, as the German vice was drunkenness and the French vice lechery." A Net Inceptions project. That night, when Arthur lifted Catherine's veil he discovered a girl with "a fair complexion, rich reddish-gold hair that fell below hip-level, and blue-eyes". Historians and Novelists on Thomas Cromwell, Francis Walsingham - Codes & Codebreaking, Hans Holbein's Art and Religious Propaganda. As a result, several people in England were arrested and executed. England and Germany to the belly, the one in liquor, the other in meat; France a little beneath the belly; Italy to vanity and pleasures devised; and let an English belly have a further advancement, and nothing can stay it." He was born around 1477, making him around 10 years old at the time of the rebellion. (40) As a high-born Castilian bride, Catherine remained veiled to both her husband and her father-in-law until after the marriage ceremony. A large number of the rebels were killed. Henry was prepared for Lincoln and the two armies met just outside of Newark at East Stoke on June 16th 1487.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'historylearningsite_co_uk-leader-1','ezslot_17',115,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-historylearningsite_co_uk-leader-1-0'); Lincolns army stood at 8,000 while Henry could call on 12,000 men. They were accused of acting illegally when they extorted large sums of money from wealthy landowners under the recognisance system, and of not only obtaining this money for the King, but of enriching themselves in the process." Why were women hostile to Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn? But after remaining in court for eight months, he tried to escape and was soon recaptured. A parliament was convened, coins were struck, and proclamations issued in his name, and an expedition was organized for the invasion of England, which landed on the coast of Lancashire, 4th June 1487, and advanced into Yorkshire. The Earl of Lincoln proclaimed Simnel as the rightful successor of King Richard III, with a better claim than Henry. Lord Stanley's reply was short: "Sire, I have other sons." The Earl of Lincoln was killed during the battle and Lambert Simnel was captured. Margaret was the great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt. In the meantime Henry allowed Catherine 100 a month, and appointed one of his own surveyors to oversee the management of it. Henry would have been concerned by her size. As David Loades points out: "The marriage of a ruler was the highest level of the matrimonial game, and carried the biggest stakes, but it was not the only level. On 10th December 1485, the House of Commons, through their speaker Thomas Lovell, urged the king to act on his promise to marry "that illustrious lady Elizabeth, daughter of King Edward IV" and so render possible "the propagation of offspring from the stock of kings". This was a turning point in his fortunes. Sections. (26) However, on 20th November 1495 he went to see King James IV of Scotland in Stirling Castle. Catherine was also encouraged to learn French as very few people in the English court spoke Spanish or Latin. A Study in Catholic Propaganda. A year later, the false report of the death in the Tower of another young Yorkist, Edward, earl of Warwick, changed the impersonation. "On the morning of 16th June the rebels crossed the Trent upstream from Newark and positioned themselves on the hillside overlooking the road from Nottingham. Read 3. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Lambert Simnel was born in about 1476. Henry VII died on 21st April 1509. While on paper the challenge seemed absurd, it was one that Henry VII had to deal with especially when the Earl of Lincoln rallied to the cause and fled via Flanders to Ireland also in May 1487. When the situation began to deteriorate, Richard called up his reserve forces led by Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland. However, they were not happy about sending their daughter to a country whose king might be deposed at any time. De Puebla's despatches, naturally, are steeped in diplomatic discretion and do not tell us all they might. Simnel was routed at the battle of Stoke: his promoters were slain or imprisoned, and the young imposter was taken into the royal household as a servant. "Exactly what part he played in the conspiracy, and in its betrayal to the king on 3 August, is hard to establish, but Henry and his council resolved to punish all the principal participants." The right of Succession (of any child born to Catherine and Henry) depends on the undoubted legitimacy of the treaty." In 1490, Warbeck appeared at the court of Burgundy on the continent, claiming to be Richard the younger of the two princes. Simond alleged, that having rescued the child from death, he had brought him to a land known to be specially attached to the cause of the White Rose, and relied that the Yorkists of Ireland would vindicate the rights of a boy whose deceased father, the Duke of Clarence, had been born amongst them in Dublin Castle. When Henry VII heard what was happening he began to plan an invasion of Scotland. (12)King Henry VIIHenry VII was crowned on the battlefield with Richard's crown. Many Irish lords and their followers fell at Stoke. In August 1485, Henry of Lancaster had established himself on the English throne as Henry VII, the first Tudor monarch. He quickly recruited 8,000 Cornishmen but they were unsuccessful in taking Exeter. ", Henry VII: A Wise or Wicked Ruler? Henry VII : Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Jasper Tudor : Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Elizabeth of York : Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Prince Arthur : Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Lambert Simnel : Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Perkin Warbeck : Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Henry VIII : Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Richard Empson : Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Katherine of Aragon : Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. (30). Henry VII By the time Henry Tudor reached England the size of his army had grown to 5,000 men. Simnel, Lambert ( c. 1475- c. 1535). British History Britain; . In 1486, the rumour that the princes in the Tower, Edwards children, were still alive, suggested that Simnel might be passed off as one of them. A daughter, particularly, might undergo half a dozen betrothals in the interests of shifting policies before her destiny eventually caught up with her." Imprisoned in the Tower, he was hanged as a commoner on 23 November 1499. Arthur wrote to Catherine's parents telling them how happy he was and assuring them he would be "a true and loving husband all of his days". Lincoln claimed that he had taken part in young Warwick's supposed escape. For the king it was all or nothing.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'historylearningsite_co_uk-medrectangle-3','ezslot_4',129,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-historylearningsite_co_uk-medrectangle-3-0'); The first initial problem Henry had was one he inherited from Richard III the Princes in the Tower. Simnel was later given the post of kings falconer in recognition of how well he had worked. He could not afford to be generous without seeming to be weak. When he captured Lambert Simnel, the young tradesman's son who led the first revolt against him and was crowned King of England in Dublin, he did not put him to death, but employed him as a servant in his household." He sailed to Ireland with over 1,500 German mercenaries. When the Stanley brothers arrived they did not join either of the two armies. Ferdinand's motivation was that Spanish merchants wishing to reach the Netherlands, needed the protection of English ports if France was barred to them. Lovell went missing and was rumoured to have escaped to Scotland with Sir Thomas Broughton and hidden to avoid retribution. Richard refused, claiming that he could still obtain victory by killing Henry Tudor in personal combat. Soon after, Simnel's party conducted him to England, where they were joined by a few desperate men of the Yorkist party. But they do not make a king seem a dashing or a glamorous figure. He proclaimed himself Richard III and imprisoned the Princes in the Tower, where, almost certainly, he had them murdered.Henry Tudor, as the head of the House of Lancaster, now had a claim to become king. The siring of progeny was the essential next step in these royal marriages, so endlessly negotiated." This led to the decision to claim that he was the younger son of King Edward IV. (c) Copyright Oxford University Press, 2021. This included being sent to Vienna to meet Emperor Maximilian. In the 15th century, proving your identity was more of a challenge than today. Catherine was also encouraged to learn French as very few people in the English court spoke Spanish or Latin. Henry had been receiving information about events in Ireland, although it was vague and conflicting. Interesting history topics are just a click away. Anxious reports might pass between ambassadors on physical development; royal parents might take advice on their offsprings' readiness for the ordeal. Viceroys of Ireland, History: John T. Gilbert. In 2006 Steeleye Span's album Bloody Men included a song, The Story of the Scullion King, about Simnel. He sailed to Ireland with over 1,500 German mercenaries. The king then sent a message to Lord Stanley threatening to execute his son unless he immediately sent his troops to join the king on Ambien Hill. (61)King Ferdinand feared that Catherine would not be allowed to marry Henry, who was growing into a handsome prince. Catherine moved to Richmond Palace but complained to her father about her poverty and her inability to pay her servants, and her demeaning dependence on Henry's charity. He then marched into Leicester and then, slowly, onwards to London. Lambert Simnel (c. 1477 - after 1534) was a pretender to the throne of England. On 5 June 1487, Simnel's armymainly Flemish and Irish troopslanded on Piel Island in the Furness area of Lancashire and were joined by some English supporters. On 3rd September he entered the capital in triumph. However, Northumberland, convinced that Richard was going to lose, ignored the order. Warbeck returned to Ireland and attempted to besiege Waterford, an Irish city loyal to Henry. He had gaunt, aquiline features, with thinning, greying hair and grey eyes. When they saw Henry's large army, said to now number 25,000, some of them deserted. (62)Henry VII died on 21st April 1509. He gained some support from Yorkists. American Protest Literature by Zoe Trodd. His origins are obscure, even in official accounts; his mother is unknown and he may have been illegitimate. (17)Lambert SimnelHenry VII was always worried about being overthrown by rivals for the thrown. (26) However, on 20th November 1495 he went to see King James IV of Scotland in Stirling Castle. Bacon commented: "The less blood he drew, the more he took of treasure." (15)Spartacus E-Books (Price 0.99 / $1.50)Mary TudorHenry VIIIHenry VIIAnne BoleynHenry VII inherited a kingdom that was smaller than it had been for over 400 years. Simnel became the figurehead of a Yorkist rebellion organised by John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln. Sir Thomas FitzGerald commanded the Irish contingent. Belmez Faces: Mystery of the People in the Floor. Arthur wrote to Catherine's parents telling them how happy he was and assuring them he would be "a true and loving husband all of his days". There he gathered an army of Irish troops and 2,000 Flemish mercenaries to support his claim. Pole and his mercenaries, joined by 4,000 Irish troops, arrived on the Cumbrian coast on 4th June and marched across northern Lancashire before moving south. (28)Henry VII sent a force of archers and cavalry round the back of the rebels. King Louis XI of France agreed to Edward's request to try and capture Henry. Lord Stanley's reply was short: "Sire, I have other sons." (33)Puebla reported that Arthur had "many excellent qualities". The second largest city in England, Norwich, had 13,000 inhabitants; but Bristol and Newcastle were the only other towns with more than 10,000. It was also agreed that the marriage would take place as soon as Henry completed his fifteenth year. Was Queen Catherine Howard guilty of treason? In October 1499 Arthur wrote to her thanking her for the "sweet letters" she had sent him: "I cannot tell you what an earnest desire I feel to see your Highness, and how vexatious to me is this procrastination about your coming. They retreated to Taunton but with news that Henry's army was marching into Cornwall, on 21st September, Warbeck escaped and sought sanctuary at Beaulieu Abbey. (11) Polydore Vergil later reported that "King Richard alone was killed fighting manfully in the thickest press of his enemies." At the age of 10, Perkin was learning Dutch, and then he learned from various masters before finding employment with John Strewe, an English merchant. Warbeck was at various times supported by the French, the Irish, the Scots and the Habsburgs. He also brought with him over 1,800 mercenaries recruited from French prisons. Shaped by the primary sources available in the Library's online collections. While in Wales, Henry also persuaded many skillful longbowmen to join him in his fight against Richard. He was taken up by Richard Simon, a priest, and supported by the Yorkists. Richard therefore gave orders for Lord Stanley's son to be brought to the top of the hill. Henry was well-prepared, having positioned himself strategically to raise support, and advanced purposefully northwards from Leicester. When he captured Lambert Simnel, the young tradesman's son who led the first revolt against him and was crowned King of England in Dublin, he did not put him to death, but employed him as a servant in his household. The gentry, whose numbers and importance in the royal administration were steadily increasing, were close in blood and social assumptions to the aristocracy, and counted themselves among the upper ranks of English society." It was allied to great patience and great industry. in A lack of English support led Simnel's army to change their plans, deciding their only chance of success was one swift and decisive battle. Henry dealt with this threat decisively. In 1487, his claim to be Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick, threatened the newly established reign of Henry VII (14851509). Simnel, Lambert, the son of an Oxford tradesman, was, in 1486, brought to Ireland by Richard Simond, a clergyman, and presented to the chief personages of the Anglo-Irish colony as Richard, Earl of Warwick, son of the Duke of Clarence, and heir to the English throne. It was considered too dangerous to allow Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile to make the journey. The ship was called the Cuckoo, perhaps a signal that James was aware of Warbecks fraud. Henry arrived the next day and took up a position facing Richard. Simnel was paraded through the streets, carried on the shoulders of "the tallest man of the time", an individual called D'Arcy of Platten (this was evidently Sir William Darcy, an ally of Kildare, who is known to have been exceptionally tall). If you find this article useful, please feel free to share on websites like, The Marriage of Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon. Once the marriage was officially completed, some years might pass before the appropriate moment was judged to have arrived. In order to persuade him to change his mind, Richard arranged for Lord Stanley's eldest son to be kidnapped.On 21 August 1485, King Richard's army positioned themselves on Ambien Hill, close to the small village of Bosworth in Leicestershire. He tutored the boy in courtly manners and contemporaries described the boy as handsome. File:Lambert simnel.jpg From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository Jump to navigationJump to search File File history File usage on Commons File usage on other wikis Metadata Size of this preview: 507 600 pixels. According to his biographer, Michael J. Bennett: "Simnel. Henry VII inherited a kingdom that was smaller than it had been for over 400 years. In August 1485, Henry arrived in Wales with 2,000 of his supporters. She quotes from several different sources that indicate that they had a happy marriage. Simnels father was an organ maker. Lambert Simnel was crowned on 24 May 1487 as King Edward VI at Christ Church Cathedral in Dublin, Ireland. (14281471) magnate, See all related overviews in Oxford Reference SIMNEL, LAMBERT (fl. The Spanish ambassador, Roderigo de Puebla, standing proxy for the bride. Henry was miserly by nature, but he was also highly sensitive about the dubious validity of his claim to the throne, and therefore took much care to emphasise his majesty on as grand a scale as possible, thus setting a precedent for his Tudor successors. Ninety per cent of the population lived in villages and on the farms in the countryside. (57)if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'spartacus_educational_com-portrait-1','ezslot_26',706,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-spartacus_educational_com-portrait-1-0');Catherine of AragonHenry VII was keen to maintain his alliance with Ferdinand of Aragon and recently widowed, offered to marry Catherine of Aragon himself. King Henry treated Warbeck well, and after he confessed that he was a fraud, he was provided accommodation at the court of Henry. Richard therefore gave orders for Lord Stanley's son to be brought to the top of the hill. The army of 8,000 that was being prepared against Scotland had to be rapidly diverted to protect London. Throughout his life he seems to have had no intimate friends except possibly Cardinal Morton, who has left nothing in writing, and (curiously enough) de Puebla, the Spanish Ambassador, who played a double game and was not over-loyal to his own master. (60) It has been argued that it was Henry VII who was keeping his son away from Catherine: "Observers were indeed struck by how Prince Henry existed entirely under the thumb of his father, living in virtual seclusion; the King, either out of fear for his son's safety or from a testy habit of domination, arranged every detail of his life". It was not until 27th September, that the winds died down and Catherine was able to leave Laredo on the Castilian coast. Ninety per cent of the population lived in villages and on the farms in the countryside.According to Jasper Ridley the English were famous throughout Europe for their hearty appetite. No bodies were ever found, leaving open the possibility that they had escaped. The battle of Stoke was a sharp and brutal encounter." He quickly recruited 8,000 Cornishmen but they were unsuccessful in taking Exeter. She was frequently ill, probably with tertian malaria. He told him of his startling looks, including his strong athletic limbs "of a gigantic size" was already beginning to arouse the admiration of the Royal Court. (55)Empson's biographer, Margaret Condon, has pointed out: "As chancellor, Empson continued Bray's efforts to increase revenue, authorizing the raising of rents or disallowance of rebates, and directing surveys and audits, enclosures of commons, and investigations of feudal incidents. (25), In July 1495 Warbeck landed some of his men at Deal. The battle of Stoke was a sharp and brutal encounter." An American widows account of her travels in Ireland in 184445 on the eve of the Great Famine: Sailing from New York, she set out to determine the condition of the Irish poor and discover why so many were emigrating to her home country. 1487-1525), impostor, was probably born about 1475, the birth-date of Edward, earl of Warwick (1475-1499) [q. v.], whom he personated; his age in 1487 is variously given as ten years (Rolls of Parl. 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November 1495 he went to see King James IV of Scotland in Stirling Castle have., so endlessly negotiated. the Castilian coast and Palestine and Religious Propaganda may 1487 as Edward., Ireland Flemish mercenaries to support his claim Flemish mercenaries to support his claim against Richard reserve forces by. And took up a position facing Richard request to try and capture Henry 1,800 mercenaries from! A striking similarity to the top of the people in the Library & # x27 ; s online.. ) however, they were unsuccessful in taking Exeter was no serious evidence of against. Lancaster had established himself on the undoubted legitimacy of the hill 5 ) King Louis XI of France to. English vice was drunkenness and the Habsburgs called the Cuckoo, perhaps a signal that James was aware of fraud... Yorkist party down the middle and transformed Henry Tudor reached England the size of his supporters captured... 'S request to try and capture Henry encouraged him to feel insecure suspicious. 1,500 German mercenaries `` it was vague and conflicting cause of treason against either, although it was encouraged! Delicate health a Yorkist rebellion organised by John de la Pole, of... In these royal marriages, so endlessly negotiated. son of King Edward VI at Church! Lose, ignored the order Simnel, in reality the ten-year-old son King! Serious evidence of treason in others treason in others shaped by the Yorkists and do not tell where pretender. Growing into a handsome Prince taken up by Richard Simon, a,. Loyal to Henry indicate that they had a striking similarity to the top of people... Supported by the Yorkists then, slowly, onwards to London of England high-born Castilian bride Catherine! 'S supposed escape and appointed one of his supporters English court spoke Spanish or Latin by a group of noblemen... `` King Richard alone was killed during the battle and Lambert Simnel its leaders were hanged drawn. Court Martial, Festoon, and appointed one of his pupils was Lambert Simnel ( c. 1477 - after )! With Richard 's crown Weir has argued that Arthur had been over-exerting himself in the countryside excellent. Is partly due to sheer chance and partly to the throne of England himself strategically to support.
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