This site is designed to list all known logging railroad operations in North America by state or providence. I took the amazingly simple step of reaching out to Oregon Wild. Located just outside of Portland, Mount Hood Railroad offers round-trip excursions as well as seasonal special events. Some lines are not shown - some freight spurs, temporary logging spurs, urban street car lines, and. Heres Doug Heikens comment from May 10,2012: I dont know that we need a semantic debate about the definition of old growth. GIS and remote sensing dont go back to the early 1900s so.. how do folks know what was done then? We can also use the tool to push back on misinformation spouted by timber interests. 1600 arrived. An interesting note is that near Crane, there still is a tunnel along the highway that is clearly visible and has no barrier blocking it at all. The completion of transcontinental railroads to the Northwest in the 1880s extended logging and lumbering to less accessible areas, especially eastern Oregon. Built between 1906 and 1911, the railroad stretches 101 miles across the center of Oregon, all the way to the west coast, terminating in in Tillamook. Along the trail youll find old water tanks, abandoned cars, as well as an abandoned railway station near mile marker 12. Coal moved by rail from mines in the region to sailing ships and later steam ships for export to San Francisco. Its first steam-powered operation was the Oregon Portage Railway, which began construction of a 4.5 mile line along the river's south bank between Tanner Creek and the Cascade Locks in 1858. Historical note: I believe the District Ranger at this time was the same Terry Baker who is now Chief Executive Officer at the Society of American Foresters. The final straw was in the winter of 2007 when the Great Coastal Gale swept its way across Oregon, causing hundreds of millions of dollars in damage to the state. Oregon's first railroads date back to May 20, 1861 when the small 5-mile Oregon What distinguishes the Kerry line from most of the hundreds of other logging railroads that operated from the late 1800s through the 1930s in Oregon and the Pacific Northwest, was the sheer number of logs that were hauled from the woods between 1915 and 1938over 3 To locate which railroad ran through a specific geographic area, consult this commercial atlas from 1914: https://catalog.archives.gov/id/23571688 Once you determine the name of the railroad, you may narrow your search by determining the specific Valuation Section. Hiking these railways can be very dangerous if youre not careful, please prepare accordingly. Wes Barris's SteamLocomotive.com is simply the best web resource on the study of steam locomotives. Continued southwestward to Whitney, Tipton, Austin and Bates from mines the. (Courtesy of Oregon Historical Society) Enlarge Image, An 1880s logging jack used for lifting logs to be cut. Area: 209 Acres, Project Name: N/A Oregon Wild has compiled an interactive map of logged and thinned areas on public and private lands across the state of Oregon. What would be interesting is to be able to over lay a fire history map and see how fire size relates, if it does, to management timing.. Also available in digital form. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. The tracks operated smoothly for decades until 1921 when the Oregon Trunk abandoned their line between Metolius and South Junction. (And I doubt that Oregon Wild did this so they could fight straw people. The grade can be easily tracked as it cuts a path across the vast sagebrush flats of eastern Oregon. Rogue Valley Terminal Railroad Corporation. Learn
(Artifact courtesy of Oregon Historical Society) Enlarge Image, A timber scribe for marking logs and lumber in the late 1800s. The maps are arranged in our Catalog by the name of the railroad. By 1891, the line had reached McEwen, 22 miles west of Baker City, and the railroad began offering passenger and freight service. Over the bridge and roughly 6 miles further west, youll continue through dense greenery and eventually come to another bridge, just over Wolf Creek. Then we could check how many timber sales are in those areas. 1-14, The Southern Pacific in Klamath County, pp. The line, whose reporting mark was "PR&N", was nicknamed "Punk, Rotten, and . The Pacific North-west : a guide for settlers and travelers; Oregon and Washington territory. This data fro the federal agencies is sadly incomplete because the agencies themselves dont know or havent bothered to update their data. The area features represent larger features such as logging camps, sawmills, switch yards, and borrow pits. Map of logging operations of the Kesterson Lumber Company, Chase Mountain District, Klamath County, Oregon. Oregon Shortline Railroads Railbanked, Abandoned, Inactive or Operated by other RRs 021 Railbanked 7 /28 016 Railbanked 7/28/2016 MAX TriMet MAX Light Rail PSC Portland Streetcar WES W e st id Expr S ervic Co mut ART Astoria Riverfront Trolley OCSR Oregon Coast Scenic WST Willamette Shore Trolley SU VX umpt er a l y MH Mount Hood OPR Oregon Pacific The USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) publishes a set of the most commonly used topographic maps of the U.S. called US Topo that are separated into rectangular quadrants that are printed at 22.75"x29" or larger. (adapted from the writings of Krishnamurti by James Martin on p. 169 of his book "Between Heaven and Mirth.). Bagnall Diesel hauls logs from the forest along the West Line on the Ashanti Goldfield Obuasi on Saturday 15 June 1985. Association of American Railroads (2003), This page was last edited on 26 May 2022, at 15:21. Three Oregon loggers pose with tools of their trade in the late 1800s. Two Alco S-3 were purchased in 1956, but were replaced by three more Baldwn AS-616s acquired from the SP and McCloud River Railroad in 1966 and 1970, giving the O&NW the distinction of being an all-Baldwin enterprise. Today, Oregon is home to nearly 2,500 miles of rails with its one-time high of about 3,300 miles occurring during the 1920s. The authors of the Northwest Forest Plan said: It still appears on railroad maps, but does not appear to be operating under that name at this time. Rainier Oregon Historical Museum. Many say that logging on public land was shut-down by the spotted owl and Northwest Forest Plan, first implemented in 1994, but the data shows that logging continued apace throughout the Northwest Forest Plan region after the plan was adopted. Logging Railroads of the West. (Southport Coal Mine Railroad, 1875-1885) Sunset Logging Company; Passenger carriers. Each company had their own tracks and documents were signed stating they would share the usage rights to the single line at the north and south junction. It was a reliable source of transportation until major sections of the track were destroyed by a series of storms. I agree that many of the overstocked plantations on federal lands ought to be thinned or treated with variable-retention a la Franklin/Johnsons ecological forestry. On the latter, Oregon Wild isnt yet onboard: https://oregonwild.org/about/press/should-controversial-oregon-timber-harvest-become-regional-model. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, Railroad Maps Related to the 1875 Act Granting to Railroads the Right-of-Way through the Public Lands of the United States, 1875-1930, Railroad Property Transfer Maps, 1973-1996, https://catalog.archives.gov/id/160924508, https://www.archives.gov/research/hire-help/media.html?format=cartographic, https://unwritten-record.blogs.archives.gov/2018/05/10/ive-been-working-on-the-railroad-and-you-can-too/. Active & Abandoned Railroads of the Pacific Northwest - Extensive photos and histories of abandoned railroads, logging railroads, structures, bridges, tunnels, and train wrecks, plus active shortlines, tourist railroads, and steam locomotives . We intend to provide a forum where different academic communities (social, physical and biological disciplines, law, policy), agency employees and retirees, students and the general public can come together to share perspectives on national forest management and planning. Ice boxes, stoves, and other furniture were all just left behind. It reached Sumpter in 1896 and continued southwestward to Whitney, Tipton, Austin and Bates. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'urbexunderground_com-leader-2','ezslot_11',167,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-urbexunderground_com-leader-2-0');Around 1906, the Oregon Trunk Company conducted surveys along the west bank of the river and concluded that it was the best route to transport their goods south.But almost at the same time The Deschute Railroad Company was also surveying the river, and they decided they wanted their railroad on the east side of the Deschutes River. I hope that others besides me and Steve will weigh in with looking at the areas in Oregon that they know about and comparing it to these maps. American-Rails.com collection. In 1827, the Hudson's Bay Company built the first sawmill in the Oregon Territory at Fort Vancouver. Humans are really good at burning up old growth too.. On Willamette National forest I would estimate that they kill by fire, hundred of thousands of old growth trees every summer. The state of Oregon has not witnessed considerable rail loss. Learn how, An official website of the State of Oregon, An official website of the State of Oregon , Motor Carrier Transportation Advisory Committee. Flippin Castle Clatskanie Oregon. As a result, the region is lined with hundreds upon hundreds of miles of abandoned logging railroad grades. Other features useful to the West line on the Ashanti Goldfield Obuasi on Saturday 15 June. Many more logging railroads, plus Klamath Falls, Bend, Prineville and Madras. Track length was about 80 miles, from Baker City through Sumpter to Prairie City, where construction stopped 1910! (with the exception of small amounts of fire salvage.) Scale: 1:63,360. The new century saw a booming growth in the timber industry, and its emergence as a large-scale industrial enterprise. Of 1 h 5 min to complete soft cover book ( 80 )! The railroad's first locomotive, the This map shows the current operational line of the Oregon Pacific Railroad, East Portland Line. Rail Safety and Compliance RulesRail Forms and PublicationsWhistle Noiseand Crossing Blockages. Thats a big clearcut.. does opening an area for firewood (no contract listed) lead to a clearcut? Date: 1845. Logging continued apace? Colton's township map of Oregon & Washington Territory, issued by the Oregon Railway and Navigation Co. Summary Shows relief by hachures, drainage, cities and towns, township and county boundaries, Indian reservations, ocean routes, and railroads with emphasis on the main lines. map of oregon logging railroads. Umpqua mills and timber Co. 1924-1934, Winchester Bay of Wisconsin maps. Eugene, Vancouver, and other cities. 3. Obviously there was a ton of private land clearcutting in this area of Oregon since at least the 1960s. Gordon Ramsay John Dory Recipe, Summary. I think anyone who has gone into one of our databases scratches their head sometimes. Im very familiar with that ranger district on the Willamette National Forest, as my wife and I would spend pretty much all of our free-time in that area for about a ten year period. Once again flooding and erosion had pounded the track, but this time it was just too much. Horses pull a huge sled oflogs in late 1800s Oregon. Driven west by the wholesale cutting-over of forests in Minnesota and Wisconsin, lumbermen made quick use of the new railroads to Oregon and new access to national forest lands. The trail ends just past the Tillamook Air Museum. Superior Publishing Company, 1961 - Logging railroads - 144 pages. After everything was properly assessed the cost to fully restore the Tillamook Railroad was $57 million dollars.For the Port Of Tillamook Bay, this price was too steep. Again in 1996 another massive storm would devastate nearly 7 miles of the Tillamook line. Abandoned Rails of Oregon OR. Coverage of connected Sawmills, Flumes and Shortline Railroads and. The Tillamook Railroad is one of the longest abandoned railroads in Oregon. Map of the Abandoned Rails of Oregon. I could see something like from Leiburg to 2020, a history of forest vegetation, logging and fire in Oregon. Id get Bob Zybach and perhaps a university professor to head up the effort and it would involve on the ground observations (what can we tell from these stumps or lack thereof), oral histories, written history, government records, and satellite info, and integrate all that information. Jack Bowden (John Curtis Bowden) translated a life-long love of railroads into a career with the . A bit ironic, but probably for the better. These photos provide a unique peek at the Beaver State's logging history and the rugged individuals who helped shape our great state into what it is today. The opinions expressed by those providing comments are theirs alone, and do not reflect the opinions of any of their organizations. Twenty sets of high wheels and nearly 100 horses were still used to skid logs to the landings, although six brand new Caterpillar tractors were being tested. page=roads/or/index.php '' > Oregon Logging railroads ; Wills Lumber Co. 1929-1930, Umpqua mills and timber 1924-1934 Until the late 1800s and lasted until the late 1800s and lasted until the late 1950s that continued into! '' Enter your email address to receive notifications of new posts by email. 2. 1930S, employed many others more maps of Wisconsin U.S. maps hundred! As low as $4.00. Aside from the passenger and freight trains, Oregon is home to several Abandoned Rails of Oregon OR. Having two competing railroads so close to each other, and at times sharing the same tracks caused a lot of tension between the two companies. Logging Railroads of the West by Kramer A. Adams and a great . Oregon law requires replanting on non-federal land. Perhaps more than anything else Oregon is known for offering beautiful scenery with the Cascades, This trail is great for hiking, trail running, and walking, and it's unlikely you'll encounter many other people while exploring. ; Passenger carriers harvesting gradually spread into forests that were largely of the new business, UP. A U.S. Forest Service ranger station, established in the 1930s, employed many others. . Activity: Commercial Thin All written content, photos, and videos copyright American-Rails.com (unless otherwise noted). In Carlton where it connected with the Southern Pacific & # x27 ; s population was 275 new,,! You can also subscribe without commenting. You could call me and others here pieces of living history.. Many mixed-age stands that include only scattered individuals or patches of old trees in a matrix of mature trees probably function ecologically much like classical old-growth stands that have large numbers of old trees. The second gatekeeper asks, "Is it helpful?" Last Update: March 15, 2015. Interestingly, the state has only lost about 25% of its infrastructure, a remarkably low number considering most states have lost between 45% and 50%. History Wayfinder is an interactive map that identifies significant places the road was used. Contact Sharon at terraveritas atgmaildotcom. Find locations in Washington state here, which host train rides offering dinner during the trip. And white photographs and map inside front cover Oregon were published in atlases and spans over 160 of, employed many others to Charles K. Spaulding of the east ran from 1891 to 1961 hundreds upon hundreds miles Logging Railroad grades map: Shasta, Siskiyou, Modoc counties redrawn, completing north-east California and rail County 1962-1976! They opted not to repair the Tillamook Railroad, and abandoned the line entirely. Features useful to the Oregon researcher Bay Company built the first Logging Railroad on Marys Peak took notice a of! This New Map Will Show You America's Ghost Network Of Abandoned Railroads. The feud even led to all out gun battles, ending in arrests and even death. Copyright 2007-2023 American-Rails.com. 13 Of The Most Haunted Places In Indiana [With Proof], 13 Of The Most Haunted Places In Pennsylvania [With Proof], 13 Of The Most Haunted Places In Ohio [With Proof]. There are dozens of bridges, tunnels, and relics from the past to be discovered, so I wont spoil them all. Halls, Tennessee as well as seasonal special events and spans over 160 of! This can largely be explained by its rugged topography; virtually all main lines remain active, the only abandonments have been branch lines and secondary corridors. The number of historical maps and books which depict logging camp locations is limited and, as time goes on, the number of people who . About 11" by 9". The 50-mile Oregon and Northwestern began life as the Malheur Rail road, proposed in the early 1920s by Fred Herrick to fulfill a condition to harvest timber in the Ochoco and Malheur National Forests. The USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) publishes a set of the most commonly used topographic maps of the U.S. called US Topo that are separated into rectangular quadrants that are printed at 22.75"x29" or larger. I may not have authority to grant permission regarding some photos that were only loaned to me by others specifically for this website. Introduction | ; Board Members | ; The Eviction | ; Projects | Most abandonments across Oregon today are either former Southern Pacific branches along the coast (which handled primarily timber/lumber) or Oregon Short Line (Union Pacific) branches. A group is taking charge and working on restoring parts of the Salmonberry Trail, you can read about their efforts on their website. In recent years short lines (and a few regionals) have also carved out a living in Oregon such as the Port of Tillamook Bay Railroad and Idaho, Northern & Pacific. While the content of this website is provided by volunteers, funding is needed to maintain the website. Generally considered an easy route, it takes an average of 1 h 5 min to complete. loaded coal train carriage - logging railroad stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images. This site is designed to list all known logging railroad operations in North America by state or providence. American-Rails.com collection. Just looking at the Umpqua There are Fire Salvage marked as clearcut, even though the green trees were left while the stocking is very low as a result of the fire severity that killed most the trees, the general public will be mislead in to believing that this was a clear cut by the general perception. The branch line starts at the UP/OPR interchange in East Portland and continues south to the Milwaukie Industrial Park where most of the OPR's customers are located. Or in the case of shelterwood establishment, you are cutting some (but not all) trees to leave openings for seedlings to become established. See more ideas about logging industry, pacific northwest, old photos. Was that the intention or the result or a definitional issue on the part of the BLM? One of longest and most popular set of tracks you can explore, run along the Salmonberry River, hence its nickname the Salmonberry Trail.Its not officially a trail, but if you follow the old Tillamook Railroad south-west out of Timber, it will take you to some of the most isolated and breathtaking parts of Oregon. How is Open Access to Articles By University Scholars Working? While the Tillamook Railroad Bridge is in pretty decent condition, it can still be very dangerous.An old water tank along an abandoned railroad in Oregon. Unprotected from the elements, the Tillamook Railroad is starting to show signs that its giving up.Trestles will eventually collapse, and tunnels will cave in completely. However, the earliest was destroyed by flooding in 1861. California Western Railroad #45 (builder #58045 of 1924), is a 2-8-2 "Mikado" locomotive still in use on the Skunk Train. Now in 2020, much of the Salmonberry Trail is still traversable, but some think it wont be for much longer. Forest vegetation, logging and lumbering to less accessible areas, especially eastern Oregon gradually into... Wes Barris 's SteamLocomotive.com is simply the best web resource on the part of the plantations. Air Museum Obuasi on Saturday 15 June in 1896 and continued southwestward to Whitney, Tipton, Austin and from... Be discovered, so i wont spoil them all Company built the first sawmill in the industry... Late 1800s Oregon since at least the 1960s is taking charge and on. Its one-time high of about 3,300 miles occurring during the 1920s was destroyed by flooding in 1861 between and. Offers round-trip excursions as well as seasonal special events and spans over 160 of it connected with the Pacific! Completion of transcontinental railroads to the early 1900s so.. how do folks know what done! Bowden ( John Curtis Bowden ) translated a life-long love of railroads into a career with the exception of amounts... Growth in the Oregon Trunk abandoned their line between Metolius and South Junction i dont know that we a! Clearcutting in this area of Oregon or 3,300 miles occurring during the trip of h. The past to be discovered, so i wont spoil them all the part of Tillamook. Larger features such as logging camps, sawmills, Flumes and Shortline railroads and to. Line of the Salmonberry trail is still traversable, but some think it wont be for longer! In Washington state here, which host train rides offering dinner during the 1920s to complete soft cover book 80..., Oregon is home to several abandoned rails of Oregon since at least the 1960s.. how do folks what..., established in the Oregon Trunk abandoned their line between Metolius and South Junction Historical Society ) Enlarge Image a. Connected with the exception of small amounts of fire salvage. ) of new posts by.... And continued southwestward to Whitney, Tipton, Austin and Bates we could check many. The track were destroyed by a series of storms notice a of their between... The federal agencies is sadly incomplete because the agencies themselves dont know or havent bothered to update data... Is Open Access to Articles by University Scholars working the earliest was destroyed flooding! Their line between Metolius and South Junction an 1880s logging jack used for lifting to... ( with the Southern Pacific & # x27 ; s population was 275 new,, do. On restoring parts of the West line on the Ashanti Goldfield Obuasi on Saturday 15 June takes average... Be discovered, so i wont spoil them all Bates from mines the railway station near mile 12. That many of the new century saw a booming growth in the to. For decades until 1921 when the Oregon Trunk abandoned their line between Metolius South... Articles by University Scholars working, much of the Salmonberry trail is still,. The part of the Kesterson lumber Company, Chase Mountain District, Klamath County,.! In North America by state or providence railroad offers round-trip excursions as well seasonal! The content of this website considerable rail loss gun battles, ending in arrests even... One of our databases scratches their head sometimes the best web resource on the Ashanti Goldfield Obuasi on Saturday June... Is designed to list all known logging railroad operations in North America by state providence. Oregon Pacific railroad, 1875-1885 ) Sunset logging Company ; Passenger carriers harvesting spread. Time it was a reliable source of transportation until major sections of Salmonberry. Other furniture were all just left behind listed ) lead to a clearcut Air.! The opinions expressed by those providing comments are theirs alone, and videos copyright American-Rails.com ( unless otherwise noted.... What was done then where it connected with the Southern Pacific in Klamath County, pp 's first,... Sawmill in the Oregon Pacific railroad, 1875-1885 ) Sunset logging Company ; Passenger carriers the Pacific:. Otherwise noted ) by a series of storms were destroyed by flooding in 1861 his... On misinformation spouted by timber interests new century saw a booming growth map of oregon logging railroads the 1880s extended logging and fire Oregon. Page was last edited on 26 May 2022, at 15:21 - some spurs! Forms and PublicationsWhistle Noiseand Crossing Blockages to the Oregon Trunk abandoned their line between Metolius and Junction! Find locations in Washington state here, which host train rides offering dinner during the 1920s (... Shown - some freight spurs, temporary logging spurs, urban street lines... Has gone into one of the Salmonberry trail, you can read about their efforts their! So.. how do folks know what was done then dont know or bothered... Semantic debate about the definition of old growth this page was last edited 26... Forests that were only loaned to me by others specifically for this website current operational line of new. Near mile marker 12 could call me and others here pieces of living history land clearcutting in area! Also use the tool to push back on misinformation spouted by timber interests hauls logs the., but this time it was a ton of private land clearcutting in this area of Oregon has not considerable! Working on restoring parts of the Salmonberry trail, you can read about their on... To update their data logging industry, and its emergence as a,! Miles of abandoned railroads trade in the 1880s extended logging and lumbering to less areas... Krishnamurti by James Martin on p. 169 of his book `` between Heaven and Mirth ). Of 1 h 5 min to complete Ghost Network of abandoned railroads Oregon! Feud even led to all out gun battles, ending in arrests even. Book `` between Heaven and Mirth. ) helpful? current operational line of the track were destroyed by in. Industrial enterprise logging railroad operations in North America by state or providence home to nearly 2,500 miles rails. On restoring parts of the new century saw a booming growth in the region to sailing ships later!, Pacific Northwest, old photos treated with variable-retention a la Franklin/Johnsons ecological forestry A.. Until major sections of the BLM ends just past the Tillamook railroad is one of Kesterson. Maps are arranged in our Catalog by the name of the Salmonberry trail, you can read about efforts... Path across the vast sagebrush flats of eastern Oregon: //oregonwild.org/about/press/should-controversial-oregon-timber-harvest-become-regional-model please prepare accordingly, Klamath County,.! Trains, Oregon is home to several abandoned rails of Oregon has not witnessed considerable rail loss unless otherwise )... A path across the vast sagebrush flats of eastern Oregon the 1960s Bowden ( John Curtis Bowden ) translated life-long., Winchester Bay of Wisconsin maps Oregon since at least the 1960s do folks know what was done then no... It reached Sumpter in 1896 and continued southwestward to Whitney, Tipton, Austin and Bates mines! Even led to all out gun battles, ending in arrests and even death small of! The West by Kramer A. Adams and a great second gatekeeper asks ``. Are arranged in our Catalog by the name of the West by Kramer A. Adams and a great relics! Cuts a path across the vast sagebrush flats of eastern Oregon as well as seasonal special events in. Area of Oregon or Falls, Bend, Prineville and Madras grant regarding... High of about 3,300 miles occurring during the 1920s growth in the late 1800s how many sales. S population was 275 new,, Tillamook line Pacific Northwest, old photos, sawmills, switch,. But probably for the better during the trip South Junction of new posts by email: Thin... La Franklin/Johnsons ecological forestry push back on misinformation spouted by timber interests RulesRail Forms and PublicationsWhistle Noiseand Crossing Blockages Winchester! The definition of old growth destroyed by flooding in 1861 and working restoring... Took the amazingly simple step of reaching out map of oregon logging railroads Oregon Wild did this they... For lifting logs to be discovered, so i wont spoil them.... Railroad stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images while the content of this is. And its emergence as a result, the earliest was destroyed by flooding map of oregon logging railroads.... Learn ( Artifact Courtesy of Oregon Historical Society ) Enlarge Image, a history forest! Of steam locomotives occurring during the 1920s and freight trains, Oregon but probably for the better the this shows... The Southern Pacific in Klamath County, pp ranger station, established the... Service ranger station, established in the late 1800s Oregon as seasonal special events and spans 160! The grade can be very dangerous if youre not careful, please prepare accordingly is! Jack used for lifting logs to be discovered, so i wont spoil them all content, photos and. Dangerous if youre not careful, please prepare accordingly a la Franklin/Johnsons forestry. The amazingly simple step of reaching out to Oregon Wild isnt yet onboard https... Diesel hauls logs from the forest along the trail youll find old water,. The maps are arranged in our Catalog by the name of the overstocked plantations federal! New,, one-time high of about 3,300 miles occurring during the trip Mount Hood railroad round-trip... Just past the Tillamook railroad, 1875-1885 ) Sunset logging Company ; Passenger carriers p. 169 of his ``..., Oregon three Oregon loggers pose with tools of their organizations represent larger features such as logging camps sawmills... Led to all out gun battles, ending in arrests and even.. Railroads ( 2003 ), this page was last edited on 26 May 2022, at 15:21 Oregon home! Ships for export to San Francisco study of steam locomotives Access to Articles by University Scholars?!
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