The syndrome was first described by ophthalmologists Jakob Stilling and Siegmund Trk, and subsequently named after Alexander Duane, who discussed the disorder in more detail in 1905. Only about 10 percent of cases of Duane syndrome are familial. +1 650 847 4174 Mutations in the CHN1 gene are associated with familial isolated Duane syndrome. Get useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information. This misdirection of nerve fibres results in opposing muscles being innervated by the same nerve. Strabismus: 76% of individuals have frank strabismus in primary gaze, Amblyopia occurs in about 10% of individuals and will respond to standard therapy if detected early, Good Visual Acuity (except in those with amblyopia), Ophthalmologic examination focusing on primary gaze, head position, extraocular movements, and aberrant movements, Optional forced duction testing and/or force generation testing, Photographic documentation for future review. Denis Villeneuve is one of the most critically acclaimed directors of his generation, delivering massive hits such as Prisoners, Arrival, and Blade Runner 2049, but his recent devotion has been to the remarkable retelling of Dune. Some people with Duane syndrome develop ""lazy eye"" (amblyopia), a condition that may cause vision loss in the affected eye. GeneReviews. Myogenic Theory: This theory, suggested by earlier studies, indicates there is fibrosis or inelasticity of the lateral rectus muscles and that the medial rectus muscle inserts abnormally far posteriorly. Andrews, Caroline V., David G. Hunter, and Elizabeth C. Engle. Bruce is a top-notch litigator and Dr. Liu is a very skilled IP practitioner with substantial experience, a passion for technology and remarkable technical expertise. About 10% of cases are inherited in families in an autosomal dominant pattern. This form of blepharitis is usually caused by an allergic reaction. National Human Genome Research Institute. Some people with Duane syndrome wont need treatment. They include: Yes, there are different types of Duane syndrome: type 1, type 2 and type 3. A disturbance in embryologic development between weeks 4-8 results in an absent abducens nerve with anomalous innervations of the lateral rectus muscle by a branch of the oculomotor nerve. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1994. But lawyers like Bruce Kelson and Dr. Agatha Liu dont come around very often, and their practices will thrive at Duane Morris, said Stephen H. Sutro, managing partner of the firms Silicon Valley and San Francisco offices. [3], Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Meaning, origin and history of the name Duane", "Duane - Name Meaning, What does Duane mean? Duane Morris has been recognized by BTI Consulting as both a client service leader and a highly recommended law firm. [citation needed] Dwyane was once a birth certificate spelling mistake that gained popularity in the 2000s and 2010s thanks to basketball legend Dwyane Wade. After having a life-changing encounter with Jesus in 1980, Duane left a promising tennis career, married his wife Sue, and moved from Florida to Oklahoma to Enter your email address to receive updates about the latest advances in genomics research. WebMini Bio (1) Berry Duane Oakley was born on March 30, 1973, to the late Berry Oakley (from The Allman Brothers Band) and Julia Negron. +1 650 847 4174 Based in sometimes-sunny Brighton, UK, he graduated with a masters degree in Creative Performance Practice from London South Bank University in 2019, having a passion for performing live on stage and creative writing, whether that be playscripts, poetry, or stories. This page was last edited on 24 July 2022, at 01:41. In both cases the sixth cranial nerve nucleus and nerve was absent, and the lateral rectus muscle was innervated by the inferior division of the third or oculomotor nerve. Duane syndrome is an eye condition that youre born with that affects how far your eyes can move from left to right. Treatment will depend on age, severity and other illnesses you might have. If you have Duane syndrome, youll have difficulties moving your eyes from side to side. If you have a severe case of Duane syndrome, you may need surgery on your eye muscles. This is called an up-shoot or down-shoot. There is evidence that a gene involved in the development of DS is located on chromosome 2. Widening of the palpebral fissure on attempted abduction. Clinical Features. Duane, Thomas D. Clinical Ophthalmology. J AAPOS. Most Gaels had brown hair and dark skin coloring that contrasted with the fair hair and pale skin of Norwegian and Swedish invaders. She has a significant research background in artificial intelligence as applied to internet communications, database system management, computational biology and speech recognition. DEMOGRAPHICS), Duane reached its apex position of #111 in the U.S. during 1930-1939, and is at #1842 presently. [7], There are two known genetic associations with Duane Syndrome. Its not just how about theres a bigger purple guy with a helmet. Duane is alike in pronunciation to Dain, Daine, Dan, Dane, Dann, Dawayne, Dayne, Dean, Deane, Dejuan, Den, Dene, Deon, Deonn, Dewuan, Deyn, Dion, Doan, Doane, Don, Donn, Donne, Dowan, Dunn and Dunne. Inheritance of Duane's syndrome. No, Duane syndrome isnt contagious. The eye opening narrows and the eyeball pulls in when looking inward toward the nose. AHLiu@duanemorris.com, Bruce B. Kelson Brit. The surgical procedure produces 40-65 degrees of binocular field. After a productive 2022, we will continue our growth trajectory into 2023, which we expect will be a very strong year for Duane Morris in California. More research is needed into precisely what causes this disturbance in development, but its thought to be either genetic or environmental. To him, the community is worth the hours he has invested. Doctors, other trusted medical professionals, and patient organizations may also be aware of studies. If you have Duane syndrome, youll have difficulties moving your eyes from side to side. In cases that run in the family, Duane syndrome is usually bilateral (it affects both eyes). difficulty with their vision in the affected eye, offering special seating in school to a child with this condition, fitting extra mirrors in cars to assist with driving, attaching a prism on eyeglasses to correct turning of the face, wearing a patch over the good eye, for children whose vision is affected. Chalazia are usually caused by blocked oil glands in the eyelid. An unusual position of the head. Presently, it appears that several factors may be involved in causing DS. Direct sequencing of the CHN1 gene is available as a clinical test, and has to date detected missense mutations in seven patients and affected family members. This is a nerve that originates in the brain and controls one of the muscles that moves the eye laterally. Learn why Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute is among the worlds most advanced eye centers. However, in some cases, both eyes are affected, with one eye usually more affected than the other. Currently GARD is able to provide the following information for Duane syndrome: This section is currently in development. Umbrella organizations provide a range of services for patients, families, and disease-specific organizations. Your healthcare provider can work with you to determine the best treatment for Duane syndrome and can help to treat amblyopia if its present. Duane syndrome is a rare, congenital eye movement disorder. Acanthamoeba keratitis is a rare but serious eye infection. Hotchkiss, Mary G., Neil R. Miller, Arthur W. Clark, and William R. Green . Its further estimated that about 1% to 5% of the total number of people with strabismus have Duane syndrome. Sign up for our Email Newsletters here. Only about 10% of people with Duane syndrome have other family members with the condition. In some families the condition is associated with variants in the Chimerin 1 gene[8] and in others it is associated with variants in the Transcription factor MafB gene. In some cases, you may need surgery. Remember, it is okay to decide not to participate in research. Hotchkiss and coauthors from the John Hopkins University in 1980. Co-contraction of the medial and lateral recti allows the globe to slip up or down under the tight lateral rectus producing the up and down shoots characteristic of the condition. Duane's Retraction Syndrome. Its Jodorowskys Dune within Marvel, Loveness told Empire. [6] This view is supported by the earlier work of Hotchkiss et al. Signs and symptoms of Duane syndrome, some of which may be seen in infants, may include: Duane syndrome doesnt always happen with other conditions, but it sometimes does. Kelson has extensive experience in federal and state courts and arbitral forums in California, New York, Delaware and other states. WebDuane! Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Management of Duanes Syndrome with Botulinum Toxin Injection. You may also have trouble looking upward or downward. You will be able to turn your eye outward toward your ear but your eye opening typically becomes smaller and the eyeball retracts. Common thought is that Duane syndrome (DS) is a miswiring of the medial and the lateral rectus muscles, the muscles that move the eyes. WebDuane Allman - Howard Duane Allman (November 20, 1946 October 29, 1971) was an American guitarist, session musician, and founder and leader of the Allman Brothers Band. Clinical features associated with an I126M 2-chimaerin mutation in a family with autosomal dominant Duane retraction syndrome. Most Gaels had brown hair and dark skin coloring that contrasted with the fair hair and pale skin of Norwegian and Swedish invaders. [15] Around 1020% of cases are familial; these are more likely to be bilateral than non-familial Duane syndrome. The diagnosis of Duane syndrome is based on clinical findings. Kelson is a graduate of Vanderbilt University Law School (J.D., 1993) and Dartmouth College (A.B., cum laude, 1987). Historical: many Irish and Scottish names have the meaning "dark" or "black". The son of Duane and Julia Mullen Whiting, Cody was a 2008 graduate of Roane County High School. The characteristic features of the syndrome are: While usually isolated to the eye abnormalities, Duane syndrome can be associated with other problems including cervical spine abnormalities KlippelFeil syndrome, Goldenhar syndrome, heterochromia, and congenital deafness. I am very excited to be part of it.. Ask a Question Have a question about this product? I was incredibly impressed by the strategic focus of the firm and its commitment to California. Duane Retraction Syndrome is a congenital strabismus syndrome occurring in isolated or syndromic forms. In addition, the opening of the eye may be narrow. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Wildervanck syndrome, fusion of neck vertebrae and hearing loss. Type 3 comprises 10-20% of patients, can present with either an esotropia or exotropia in primary gaze, and will have a compensatory head turn to the involved side. Strabismus: 76% of individuals have frank strabismus in primary gaze; Limitation of Abduction; Induced Ptosis on Adduction The surgery cant fix the nerve problem but it can change the position of eye muscles to relieve an abnormal head posture, straighten eyes when looking straight ahead, and improve up-shoots/down-shoots. Patient advocacy and support organizations offer many valuable services and often drive the research and development of treatments for their disease(s). University of Arizona Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science. During that time, Victory Life has become a multi-site church with nine locations, including an online church. The depth and breadth of the resources of Duane Morris and its already significant patent group, and their growth-oriented and strategic focus, are significant draws. No need to search for and download them manually or even order them on CD. When not writing or working, you can probably find him in the cinema or at home keeping up with the latest releases. It is of Irish and Gaelic origin, and the meaning of Duane is "dark, swarthy". Duante (d'wan-TAY) is a contemporary creation. Also, deletions of chromosomal material from chromosomes 4 and 8, as well as the presence of an extra marker chromosome thought to be derived from chromosome 22, have been linked to DS. The 2023 release of Dune: Part Two will mark a first in the career of visionary director Denis Villeneuve, which makes the upcoming follow-up to Dune even more exciting. Prior to entering the legal profession, Liu held positions in technology and management consulting. In subgroup C, your eyes appear straight. Top Definitions Quiz Examples Duane [ dweyn, doo- eyn ] SHOW IPA noun a male given name. Learn, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Barbe ME, et al. WebDuane Retraction Syndrome occurs sporadically or is inherited. Symptoms include restricted movement of eye outward and/or inward and the eyeball may be pulled back into the socket. These include malformation of the skeleton, ears, eyes, kidneys and nervous system, as well as: Okihiro's syndrome, an association of DS with forearm malformation and hearing loss. The movement issues are due to problems with your cranial nerves, or the nerves that control the way your eyes move. Because these organizations include the life experiences of many different people who have a specific disease, they may best understand the resources needed by those in their community. Also, your eye opening may become smaller and your eyeball retracts with certain gazes. Cody Duane Whiting, 32, of Reedy, WV, passed away on Jan. 11, 2023, at Cabell Huntington Burn Intensive Care Unit, following an accident at his home. What do we know about heredity and Duane syndrome. Diagnosis of Duane syndrome is based on the symptoms, an eye exam, and imaging studies.". American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. No individual surgical technique has been completely successful in eliminating abnormal eye movements, because the cranial nerve causing the problem cant be repaired or replaced. Hello Select your address Less marked limitation of adduction (inward movement) of the same eye. Villeneuve has also been known to abandon projects after the first film, such as with Sicario, whose sequel was directed by Italian director Stefano Sollima. Contact your healthcare provider if you have any questions about your sight or your childs sight. [7], EMGTracing Demonstrating the Neurogenic Theory:[10]. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30574884/), (https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Duane-Syndrome#:~:text=The%20diagnosis%20of%20Duane%20syndrome,patients%20and%20affected%20family%20members), (https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/duane-syndrome/#:~:text=Duane%20syndrome%20(DS%29%20is%20an,%29%2C%20or%20in%20both%20directions. Sign Up: Stay on top of the latest breaking film and TV news! The name derives from St. Dubhn, who established an abbey in Hook Head, Ireland, during the 5th century. John Sloss Is More Hopeful About the Sundance Film Market Than You Might Think, The Oscar Race for Best Picture Has Three Frontrunners as Voting Closes Tuesday, How RRR and Glass Onion Are Trying to Hack the Best Picture Oscar Race, Whered the Color Go? DOI: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1771923/, rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/duane-syndrome/, rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6288/duane-syndrome. No means of primary prevention has been identified for this syndrome. Surgical Management of Duanes Syndrome. WebEverything Is Terrible! For all types, when you attempt to move your eyes inward, your eyelids close and the affected eyeball retracts into its socket. In about 80 percent of cases of DS, only one eye is affected, most often the left. Retraction syndrome or congenital retraction syndrome. 1945; XXXVIII: 463-465. Duane Syndrome. Thus, on attempted abduction, stimulation of the lateral rectus via the oculomotor nerve will be accompanied by stimulation of the opposing medial rectus via the same nerve; a muscle which works to adduct the eye. Learn about how to prevent, detect, and treat it. Other suggested similar-sounding names are Bane, Blane, Burne, Chane, Crane, Dace, Dade, Dale, Dana, Danek, Dani, Danie, Dante, Dave, Dawe, Daye, Deante, Delane, Devane, Drake, Duarte, Dugan, Duke, Dunc, Duran, Durand, Durant, Durante, Dwade, Fane, Gunne, June, Kane, Keane, Lane, Rane, Roane, Rune, Shane, Thane, Tune, Vane and Zane. 2023 IndieWire Media, LLC. The clinician must be persistent in examining abduction and adduction, and in looking for any associated palpebral fissure changes or head postures, when attempting to determine whether what often presents as a common childhood squint (note-"squint" is a British term for two eyes not looking in the same direction[11]) is in fact Duane syndrome. Get The Latest IndieWire Alerts And Newsletters Delivered Directly To Your Inbox. Researchers from participating institutions use the database to search for patients or healthy volunteers who meet their study criteria. Amblyopia is uncommon and, where present, rarely dense. The 2023 release of Dune: Part Two will mark a first in the career of visionary director Denis Villeneuve, which makes the upcoming follow-up to Dune even more exciting. The CHN1 mutations have not been found to be a common cause of simplex Duane retraction syndrome. This risk, however, is only associated with 10% of isolated cases, as 90% of these cases occur sporadically[5]. Current clinical studies can be found by using ClincalTrials.gov. Liu is a graduate of Fordham University (J.D., 2010), received her B.S. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. 1980; 98: 870-874. You may have trouble with one or both eyes looking inward toward your nose or outward toward your ear. However, the etiology or origin of these malfunctions is, at present, a mystery. Denis Villeneuve resurrected the source material with 2021s Dune, followed by the upcoming sequel Dune: Part Two which is set to be released November 3. Duane as a boys' name (also used less widely as girls' name Duane) is pronounced d'wayn. Other names for this condition include: Brain and orbital MRI can be completed prior to surgical correction for better visualization of orbital anatomy.[7]. WebOnline shopping from a great selection at Books Store. Arch Ophthalmol. If you have another condition along with Duane syndrome, your provider will treat that condition also. Your eye opening may get smaller when you look in a certain direction. in computer science from Columbia University, a masters in computer science from Cornell University and her doctorate in computer science and engineering from the University of Washington. The diagnosis of Duane Retraction Syndrome is primarily clinical. WebIt is of Irish and Gaelic origin, and the meaning of Duane is " dark, swarthy". Are there other names for Duane syndrome? WebDuane syndrome is a congenital rare type of strabismus most commonly characterized by the inability of the eye to move outward. Thats not what Kang is, Feige explained. Type 2: The affected eye, or eyes, has limited ability to move inward toward the nose, but the ability to move outward toward the ear is normal or nearly so. Theyll measure how much misalignment is present and test how far your eyes, or your childs eyes, can move from side to side. who reported on the autopsy findings of two patients with Duane's syndrome. His clients span a range of industries including financial services, real estate, venture capital, software and technology, among others. His father had died in a road accident on November 11, 1972, when his mother was in her six month pregnancy. (N. B. Mein and Trimble, A head turn to the side of the affected eye to compensate for the movement limitations of the eye(s) and to maintain, Type I: Limited abduction with or without, Type II: Limited adduction with or without, Type III: Limitation of both abduction and adduction and any form of horizontal strabismus, Type A: with limited abduction and less-marked limitation of adduction, Type B: showing limited abduction but normal adduction, Type C: the limitation of adduction exceeds the limitation of abduction. Often, when the eye moves toward the nose, the eyeball also pulls into the socket (retraction), the eye opening narrows and, in some cases, the eye will move upward or downward. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. Morad et al. The exact cause of Duane syndrome is unknown. Its present at birth. showed improved abduction after modest unilateral medial rectus recession and lateral rectus resection in a subgroup of patients with mild eye retraction and good adduction before surgery. Turns out the elusive Quantum Realm has a lot in common with Arrakis. People who also have amblyopia may benefit from patching their good eye so the weaker one becomes stronger. [2] The spelling Dwayne was adopted as time went on, most likely because of the also popular name Wayne. Learning About Duane Syndrome. Skip to main content 2004; 88: 131-138. About 10% of cases are inherited in families in an autosomal dominant pattern. A few months later, Duane wrecked his motorcycle in an accident, but traded in the spare parts for a guitar of his own. Duane Sheriff leads Victory Life Church, a growing multi-campus church based in Durant, Oklahoma, where he has been the senior pastor for over 30 years. Weve been in the Bay Area for 25 years and our clients certainly enjoy a deep bench here. [7] [13] It can also improve the leash phenomenon.[7]. Vol. Your healthcare provider will take a complete medical history and will do a thorough eye exam. Image Showing Bilateral Duane Retraction Syndrome:[5], Left Panel: limited abduction of right eye with induced ptosis on adduction of left eyeRight Panel: limited abduction of left eye with induced ptosis on adduction of right eye, Duane Retraction Syndrome of Left Eye with Compensatory Head Tilt[11], Molecular genetic testing of CHN1 is available, and is recommended only in familial cases. Its more common for people with this syndrome to be unable to move their eyes outward toward their ears. Management of Duane retraction syndrome: A simplified approach. (TOP BABY NAMES, 2018). Type 2 comprises 5-10% of patients and presents with an exotropia in primary gaze with a compensatory head turn to the uninvolved side. The go-to source for comic book and superhero movie fans. Villeneuve did previously take on Blade Runner 2049, the sequel to 1982's Blade Runner, but this wasn't a follow-up to a film that he directed. This classification describes how your eyes appear when youre attempting to look straight ahead: In the majority of cases, Duane syndrome is characterized only by the limited movement of the eye as described above. Learn the seven best foods to eat for eye health. Duane Morris LLP provides innovative solutions to todays multifaceted legal and business challenges through the collegial and collaborative culture of its more than 900 attorneys in offices across the United States and internationally. Fissure changes, and the other associated characteristics of Duane's such as up or down shoots and globe retraction, are also vital when deciding whether any abduction limitation is the result of Duane's and not a consequence of VI or abducens cranial nerve palsy. 6. Research increases what we know about rare diseases so that people can get a diagnosis more quickly and can know what to expect. WebPALO ALTO, California, January 11, 2023Bruce B. Kelson and Agatha H. Liu, Ph.D., have joined Duane Morris LLP as partners in the firms Trial and Intellectual Property practice groups, respectively, in its Silicon Valley office.Prior to joining Duane Morris, Kelson was partner at Schnader Harrison Segal & Lewis LLP, where he served as chair of that firms The left eye is more commonly affected. We avoid using tertiary references. About 78 percent of all DS cases are Type 1. By Phillip Hickman. Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania, helmed by Peyton Reed, will land in theaters February 17. As a surname it is O'Dubhain, or Dubhan. Simple eye exercises can help in the treatment of a condition called strabismus, also known as crossed eyes. 90% occur sporadically and are commonly unilateral, Remaining 10% are inherited and these are commonly bilateral with associated vertical movement abnormalities, Type 2: Autosomal Dominant (mutation of CHN1 gene at DURS 2 locus 2q31-q32.1)[11, 15]and Autosomal Recessive, Okihiro's syndrome: Autosomal Dominant (SALL4 mutations), Goldenhar syndrome: mostly sporadic with both autosomal dominant and recessive forms identified, Wildervanck syndrome: irregularly dominant manner with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. Surgical intervention, therefore, has only been recommended where the patient is unable to maintain binocularity, where they are experiencing symptoms, or where they are forced to adopt a cosmetically unsightly or uncomfortable head posture in order to maintain binocularity. Subgroup B: The affected eye is turned outward toward the ear (exotropia). Duane Hanson, in full Duane Elwood Hanson, (born January 17, 1925, Alexandria, Minnesota, U.S.died January 6, 1996, Boca Raton, Florida), American figurative sculptor whose lifelike figures made of cast fibreglass and polyester resin and dressed in everyday clothes often fooled the public into believing that they were viewing real people. Current clinical studies can be found by using ClinicalTrials.gov(see below). Bruce B. Kelson PALO ALTO, California, January 11, 2023Bruce B. Kelsonand Agatha H. Liu, Ph.D., have joined Duane Morris LLP as partners in the firms Trial and Intellectual Property practice groups, respectively, in its Silicon Valley office. 2010; 152: 215-217. Type 1 comprises 75-80% of patients and presents with an esotropia in primary gaze with a compensatory head turn to the involved side. It doesnt require an iPod, (thats just what a bunch of people used when it first became popular and the name kind of stuck.) J. Ophthal. The syndrome was first described by ophthalmologists Jakob Stilling (1887) and Siegmund Trk (1896), and subsequently named after Alexander Duane, who discussed the disorder in more detail in 1905. All rights reserved. Type 3: The affected eye, or eyes, has limited ability to move both inward toward the nose and outward toward the ears. Botulinum Toxin: A study published in the Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology in 2008 investigated the efficacy of injecting botulinum toxin A as a treatment in 4 patients. The exact cause of Duane syndrome is unknown. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. Lateral transposition of the vertical muscles described by Rosenbaum has been shown to improve range of movement of the eye. Dewain, Dewayne, Duwayne, Dwain, Dwaine and Dwayne (#915 IN RECENT RANKINGS) are the prominent varying forms of Duane (#1842). WebWATCH the official music video for Return by Duane Stephenson! The eye opening narrows and the eyeball pulls in when looking inward toward the nose. Influencers: Profiles of a Partnership 2022, How to Pitch Stories and Articles to IndieWire, 'Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania' Trailer: Jonathan Majors' Kang the Conqueror Makes Himself Seen, 'Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania' Will Be 'Epic' in Mold of 'Big Avengers Movie,' Says Director, Oscars 2023: Best Production Design Predictions. Bilateral Duane's Retraction Syndrome A Clinical-Pathologic Case Report. +1 650 847 4176 Its unusual for people with Duane syndrome to experience any other symptoms, but in rare cases the condition has been linked to: When symptoms do become noticeable, they usually include: Some children with Duane syndrome complain of: Duane syndrome is caused by an absence of or a problem with the sixth cranial nerve. Strabismus, Refraction, The Lens. Microphthalmos, which means that your eye is unusually small. Both have a deep knowledge of the Silicon Valley and San Francisco business environments, and we are honored that they have chosen to grow their practices at Duane Morris. Evaluation of family members at risk within the first year of life, Consider genetics counseling if familial pattern identified, Spectacles or contact lenses for refractive error, Prism glasses to improve the compensatory head position. It accounts for about 78% of all cases. [2], Other names for this condition include: Duane's retraction syndrome, eye retraction syndrome, retraction syndrome, congenital retraction syndrome and Stilling-Trk-Duane syndrome.[3].
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