Although his family had owned slaves, Clay became an abolitionist early in his life after hearing a speech by William Lloyd Garrison while at Yale in 1832. He eventually founded the abolitionist newspaper True American. Browns men were able to capture several local slaveowners but, by the end of the day on October 16, local townspeople began to fight back. The disturbing but consequential nature of that abolitionism, According to the terms of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, the top three electoral vote-getters advanced to the runoff in the House of Representatives. WebJohn P. Parker (1827 January 30, 1900) was an American abolitionist, inventor, iron moulder and industrialist.Parker, who was African American, helped hundreds of slaves to freedom in the Underground Railroad resistance movement based in Ripley, Ohio.He saved and rescued fugitive slaves for nearly fifteen years. [31], Decatur House in Washington, DC, a National Historic Landmark and museum on Lafayette Square near the White House, has exhibits on urban slavery and Charlotte Dupuy's freedom suit against Henry Clay.[34]. During the Civil War, Russia came to the aid of the Union, threatening war against Britain and France if they officially recognized the Confederacy. (2009). In 1833, Clay married Mary Jane Warfield, daughter of Mary Barr and Dr. Elisha Warfield of Lexington, Kentucky. In 1869, Clay left the Republican party in large part due to the policies of President Grant. He was chosen Speaker of the House on the first day of his first session, something never done before or since (except for the first ever session of congress back in 1789). It didnt help that he lost his wife and two of his children to illness at the time. Some soldiers reported he even opened his shirt to submit to the final blow. The Washington family continued to own enslaved people. Half brother of Edwin M. Clay; Jeremiah Clay and Frances Wooldridge, Rev John Clay BIRTH 1741 Henrico County, Virginia, USA DEATH 31 May 1781 Hanover County, Virginia, USA BURIAL Non-Cemetery Burial, Specifically: Rev. Clay opposed annexing Texas on the grounds that it would once again bring the issue of slavery to the forefront of the nation's political dialog and would draw the ire of Mexico, from which Texas had declared its independence in 1836. Clay and his law partner John Allen successfully defended Burr. WebRise And Fall of the Slave South, University of Virginia. Even though the 1852 pro-slavery[43] novel Life at the South; or, "Uncle Tom's Cabin" As It Is, by W.L.G. Retired for less than a year, he was in 1849 again elected to the U.S. Senate from Kentucky. John Browns Day of Reckoning. Smithsonianmag.com. John Brown was a leading figure in the abolitionist movement in the pre-Civil War United States. A native of Kentucky, Breckinridge began his political career as a state representative before serving in the read more, Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, people were kidnapped from the continent of Africa, forced into slavery in the American colonies and exploited to work in the production of crops such as tobacco and cotton. This seemingly kicked off Clay's passionate anti-slavery stance. Clay came to own town lots and the Kentucky Hotel. In November 1972, Joe Biden was elected to the Senate at the age of 29, but he reached his 30th birthday before the swearing-in ceremony for incoming senators in January 1973. Clay returned to Ashland with Aaron, Charles and Mary Ann Dupuy. [37] A more stringent Fugitive Slave Act. Seven of Clay's children died before him. [27][28][29], They each had three turns. Clay originally intended the resolutions to be voted on separately, but at the urging of southerners he agreed to the creation of a Committee of Thirteen to consider the measures. Such an occurrence, however, has not been repeated since. While this is, of course, impossible to verify, the mere existence of the rumor speaks to both the sheer number of his duels and his skill at surviving them. [4] They had ten children, six of whom lived to adulthood: Later, he adopted Henry Launey Clay, believed to be his son by an extra-marital relationship while in Russia.[5]. He embodied the volatile, contradictory spirit of his age, and in the end Cassius Marcellus Clay went down as perhaps the most larger-than-life figure of the day. Lincoln sent Clay to Kentucky to assess the mood for emancipation there and in the other border states. Rev John Clay BIRTH 1741 Henrico County, Virginia, USA DEATH 31 May 1781 Hanover County, Virginia, USA BURIAL Non-Cemetery Burial, Specifically: Rev. John Clay was buried near his home in Hanover County, Virgina in an unmarked grave. Tarleton visited and checked the grave for buried valuables shortly after John Clay's death. Clay frequently traveled to political rallies speaking out against slavery. Indeed, he seemed to be trying to avoid an actual confrontation, since he set the date of the duel for the day of Clay's wedding to Warfield. In the political campaigns of 1876 and 1880, Clay supported the Democratic Party candidates. Clay was the foremost proponent of the American System, fighting for an increase in tariffs to foster industry in the United States, the use of federal funding to build and maintain infrastructure, and a strong national bank. Before he and his family could depart, the American Civil War started. Hampered by a crippled hand, Wythe chose Clay as his secretary. Smith, is dedicated to his memory,[44] Clay's Will freed all the slaves he held. Encyclopdia Britannica. He was one of the few black people to By 1819, though, he had returned to Hudson and opened a tannery of his own, on the opposite side of town from his father. During the Mexican-American War, when he arrived in Mexico as captain of a company of Kentucky volunteers, he and his men were captured almost instantly by the Mexicans. Clay went to the man's hotel and Declarey challenged him to a duel. [8] Henry Clay was a second cousin of Cassius Marcellus Clay, who became a politician and an abolitionist in Kentucky. [2], While working at the doctor's house as a domestic servant, John was taught to read and write by the doctor's family, although the law forbade slaves' being educated. [16], Later, Clay founded the Cuban Charitable Aid Society to help the Cuban independence movement of Jos Mart. He opposed the annexation of Texas, fearing it would inject the slavery issue into politics. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. WebClay encouraged abolitionist John G. Fee to move to Berea, Kentucky and donated to Fee money and a ten-acre tract in Madison County for the beginnings of a school that would become Berea College, the first interracial college in the South. Clay was a pioneer when it came to plantation owners who became anti-slavery crusaders. The John P. Parker Historical Society was formed in 1996 to preserve and interpret knowledge of John Parker and his family; it has worked to restore the house and operate it as a museum with exhibits and educational programs. In 1833, Clay helped to broker a deal in Congress to lower the tariff gradually. [24] On January 3, 1809, Clay introduced a resolution to require members to wear homespun suits rather than those made of imported British broadcloth. They included Aaron and Charlotte Dupuy, their son Charles and daughter Mary Ann.[31]. What became known as the Pottawatomie Massacre occurred on May 25, 1856, and resulted in the deaths of five pro-slavery settlers. Among the witnesses to his execution were Lee and the actor and pro-slavery activist John Wilkes Booth. His family home, White Hall, is maintained by the Commonwealth of Kentucky as White Hall State Historic Shrine. For the boxer who was born Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr., see, "Clay, Cassius Marcellus", by Frank L. Klement, in, "The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Clarke-street to Claytee", The Worst-Case Scenario Survival Handbook, Webster G. Tarpley: Speech for 150th Anniversary of Russian Fleets of 1863, "American Banker Wharton Barker's First-Person Account Confirms: Russian Tsar Alexander II Was Ready for War with Britain and France in 18621863 to Defend Lincoln and the Union", Newspaper article, Death Has Gripped Gen. Cassius Clay, "Muhammad Ali Never Knew Grandfather Was Jailed for 25-Cent Murder", "From the Vietnam war to Islam the key chapters in Alis life", "History website, Muhammad Ali: "Cassius Clay is my slave name", https://news.yale.edu/2016/06/09/muhammad-ali-originally-named-ardent-abolitionist-and-yale-alumnus-cassius-clay, https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/10/25/specials/ali-heritage, Original Letters: Abraham Lincoln to Cassius Marcellus Clay, 1860, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cassius_Marcellus_Clay_(politician)&oldid=1129188166, Republican Party members of the Kentucky House of Representatives, Ambassadors of the United States to Russia, 19th-century American newspaper publishers (people), American military personnel of the MexicanAmerican War, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2014, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Being a prominent abolitionist and U.S. ambassador to Russia, Sarah "Sallie" Lewis Clay Bennett (18411935), Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr. (18431843), Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr. (18451857), This page was last edited on 24 December 2022, at 01:10. By early 1859, Brown was leading raids to free enslaved people in areas where forced labor was still in practice, primarily in the present-day Midwest. Vol. As a leading war hawk in 1812, he favored war with Britain and played a significant role in leading the nation to war in the War of 1812. Jackson vetoed a bill which would authorize federal funding for a project to construct a road linking Lexington and the Ohio River, the entirety of which would be in the state of Kentucky, because he felt that it did not constitute interstate commerce, as specified in the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution. WebEven Cassius Clay, regarded as one of the most outspoken anti-slavery voices in Kentucky, operated in conflict with his views as he continued to hold slaves. They targeted a group of pro-slavery settlers called the Pottawatomie Rifles. In 1868, Republican Oscar Dunn, the first Black lieutenant governor ever elected, served as acting governor of Louisiana when Gov. Clay was born on October 19th, 1810 in Madison County, Kentucky. "[2] Clay was politically incrementalist, supporting gradual legal change rather than calling for immediate abolition the way Garrison and his supporters did. Portrait by Matthew Harris Jouett, 1818 Early years[edit] In the summer of 1811, Clay was elected to the United States House of Representatives. [4], In 1865 with a partner, he bought a foundry company, which they called the Ripley Foundry and Machine Company. [2] They moved to Ripley, a growing center of abolitionist activity, and had seven children together:[2], The parents ensured that all their children were educated. Alexander the II took the step of warning Britain and France that if they recognized the Confederacy they were risking War with Russia. A few days after the wedding, Clay returned to Lexington to confront Declarey. Clay had such a reputation as a duelist that it was said he had slain more men in duels than any other man in America. Polk's populist stances on territorial expansion figured prominentlyparticularly his opinion on US control over the entire Oregon Country and his support for the annexation of Texas. [25], On January 4, 1809 Clay and Marshall nearly came to blows on the Assembly floor and Clay challenged Marshall to a duel, which then took place on January 19. Senators, Armistead Thomson Mason (aged 28 in 1816), and John Eaton (aged 28 in 1818). [3], Clay had a reputation as a rebel and a fighter. ACTIVITIES Lee and his men arrested Brown and transported him to the courthouse in nearby Charles Town, where he was imprisoned until he could be tried. [4] In 1957, a Senate Committee selected Clay as one of the five greatest U.S. He thought this more likely to bring success.[3]. Clay got his hands on the letter, then almost immediately found the man and beat him within an inch of his life with a hickory stick. All Rights Reserved. In 1845, Clay opened an anti-slavery news paper called theTrue American. Foreign policy[edit] In foreign policy, Clay was the leading American supporter of independence movements and revolutions in Latin America after 1817. [3], In 1872, Clay was one of the organizers of the Liberal Republican revolt. At this time, he also met Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass, activists and abolitionists both, and they became important people in Browns life, reinforcing much of his ideology. By way of satisfaction, Declarey challenged Clay to a duel, likely thinking nothing would come of it. Unlike many anti-slavery activists, he was not a pacifist and believed in aggressive action against slaveholders and any government officials who enabled them. Finally, Clay walked the walk on his anti-slavery beliefs and, 20 years WebOn January 24, 1801, President John Adams responded to two abolitionists who had sent him an anti-slavery pamphlet by Quaker reformer Warner Mifflin (17451798). The operation began on October 16, 1859, with the planned capture of Colonel Lewis Washington, a distant relative of George Washington, at the formers estate. Geni requires JavaScript! It was the bloodiest conflict in U.S. history. [8][9], In 1845, Clay began publishing an anti-slavery newspaper, True American, in Lexington, Kentucky. [9] Elizabeth had seven more children with Watkins, bearing a total of sixteen. Cassius attended Transylvania University and then graduated from Yale College in 1832. He also spoke in favor of nationalizing the railroads and later against the power being accrued by industrialists. Henry was the seventh of nine children of the Reverend John Clay and Elizabeth (ne Hudson) Clay. This measure helped to preserve the supremacy of the Federal government over the states, but the crisis was indicative of the developing conflict between the northern and southern United States over economics and slavery. The North and South came to increased tensions during Polk's Presidency over the extension of slavery into Texas and beyond. [3], Clay was elected to three terms in the Kentucky House of Representatives,[7] but he lost support among Kentuckian voters as he promoted abolition. [10] After Clay was employed as Wythe's amanuensis for four years, the chancellor took an active interest in Clay's future; he arranged a position for him with the Virginia attorney general, Robert Brooke. Clay read law by working and studying with Wythe, Chancellor of the Commonwealth of Virginia (also a mentor to Thomas Jefferson and John Marshall, among others), and Brooke. The Compromise of 1850[edit] Main article: Compromise of 1850 After losing the Whig Party nomination to Zachary Taylor in 1848, Clay decided to retire to his Ashland estate in Kentucky. Despite Polk's populism, the election was close; New York's 36 electoral votes proved the difference, and went to Polk by a slim 5,000 vote margin. MEMORIAL ID 55636972, _________________________________________________________. [3] He held 60 slaves at the peak of operations, and likely produced tobacco and hemp, the two chief commodity crops of the Bluegrass Region. Rich snippets to dosownie bogate opisy, czyli rozszerzone informacje o stronie. [2][3] Parker was one of the few blacks to patent an invention before 1900. There he became friends with George Wythe. [14] Some of his clients paid him with horses and others with land. He was bombastic and charismatic, but could also be vicious and cruel. 18111847 Henry Clay, Jr., Lt. Col. in the Second Kentucky Regiment, killed in the WebThough Clay was a famed abolitionist, he leased enslaved people to work his farm from his brother Brutus and others. Clay fought off all six, killing one of the brothers. The ringleader was named Cyrus Turner. He installed a cannon to protect his home and office. There also was a growing abolitionist movement in Ohio, led primarily by the Society of Friends. David Wilmot, a Northern congressman, had proposed preventing the extension of slavery into any of the new territory in a proposal referred to as the "Wilmot Proviso".[37]. Clay and his wife had eleven children (six daughters and five sons): Henrietta (18001801), Theodore (18021870), Thomas (18031871), Susan (18051825), Anne (18071835), Lucretia (18091823), Henry, Jr. (18111847), Eliza (18131825), Laura (18151817), James Brown Clay (18171864), and John Morrison Clay (18211887). In 1861, Clay was appointed by President Lincoln to be the Minister to Russia. The documentary brings this dichotomy into closer focus and provides a good background for discussion about economics and cultural values. Clay worked toward emancipation, both as a Kentucky state representative and as an early member of the Republican Party. WebJohn P. Parker (1827 January 30, 1900) was an American abolitionist, inventor, iron moulder and industrialist. Following Clay's return to Washington, DC, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in late 1862, to take effect in January 1863. In October 1859, the U.S. military arsenal at Harpers Ferry was the target of an assault by an armed band of abolitionists led by John Brown (1800-59). By passing the law, which President James Monroe signed, the U.S. Congress admitted Missouri to the Union as a state that allowed slavery, and Maine as a free read more, English soldier and explorer Captain John Smith was born in Lincolnshire and had an adventurous life as a soldier, pirate, enslaved person, colonist and authorthough many historians question the details of his life. Clay's children also objected, and Clay reportedly mounted a cannon in his doorway to detour anyone who intended to interfere with the wedding. He kept her son Charles Dupuy as a personal servant, frequently citing him as an example of how well he treated his slaves. Herman Heaton Clay, a descendant of African-American slaves, named his son Cassius Marcellus Clay, who was born nine years after the death of the emancipationist, in tribute to him. It is widely believed his intention was to arm slaves for a rebellion, though he denied that. They effectively barricaded themselves inside. Described later by Friedrich List, it was designed to allow the fledgling American manufacturing sector, largely centered on the eastern seaboard, to compete with British manufacturing through the creation of tariffs. He cut off Brown's ear. Bordewich, F.M. He defended the Kentucky Insurance Company, which he saved from an attempt in 1804 by Felix Grundy to repeal its monopolistic charter. Clay threw his support behind John Quincy Adams and won the presidency for Adams. They took his Bowie knife and stabbed him with it several times, no doubt thinking that was enough to do the job. His father, who was in the tannery business, relocated the family to Ohio, where the abolitionist spent most of his childhood. By the mid-19th century, Americas westward expansion and the read more, The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was a law that tried to address growing sectional tensions over the issue of slavery. In 1833, Clay was studying law at Transylvania University in Lexington and wooing a woman named Mary Jane Warfield. It brought in Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state (thus maintaining the balance in the Senate, which had included 11 free and 11 slave states), and it forbade slavery north of 36 30' (the northern boundary of Arkansas and the latitude line) except in Missouri. Send us any questions of comments in a new Tab then close it. Mary Ann Dupuy was sent to join her mother, and they worked as domestic slaves for the Duraldes for another decade. Lincoln wholeheartedly supported Clay's economic programs. He may have been freed or "given his time" by one of Clay's sons, as Dupuy continued to work at Ashland, for pay. No doubt he had many close calls, but one night in Kentuckywas one of the closest calls of his life. Parker, who was African American, helped hundreds of slaves to freedom in the Underground Railroad resistance movement based in Ripley, Ohio. During a political debate in 1843, he survived an assassination attempt by Sam Brown, a hired gun. It was the largest between Cincinnati and Portsmouth, Ohio. The militia attack was able to free several of Browns captives, although eight of the railroad men died in the fighting. [30] Like other Southern Congressmen, Clay took slaves to Washington, DC to work in his household. During the brawl, one of the brothersattempted to shoot at Clay's head several times, but the pistol wouldn't fire. When he got to Brown, he wasn't content to simply stab him. "Clay, Cassius Marcellus". Clay was by that time a U.S. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. Clay was physically exhausted; the tuberculosis that would eventually kill him began to take its toll. He was 92 years old. The group was made up of both abolitionists from the North, who wanted to end slavery, and slaveholders, who wanted to deport free blacks to reduce what they considered a threat to the stability of slave society. When in 1826 the U.S. was invited to attend the Columbia Conference of new nations, opposition emerged, and the American delegation never arrived. [34] While no deed of emancipation has been found for Aaron Dupuy, in 1860 he and Charlotte were living together as free black residents in Fayette County, Kentucky. It may be moderate, it may exacerbate. After he was executed, his wife, Mary Ann (Day) took John Brown's body to the family farm in upstate New York for burial. [3] In 1815, while still in Europe, he helped negotiate a commerce treaty with Great Britain. Adapted from the masonrytoday.com website. Clay declared he would only accept if Lincoln would emancipate slaves under Confederate control. President Lincoln appointed Clay to the post of Minister to the Russian court at St. Petersburg on March 28, 1861. Clay used his influence with Tsar Alexander II to have Russia back the Union in the war. This was a singular achievement for a 34-year-old House freshman. Having finished fourth, Clay was eliminated from contention; the top three were Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams and William H. Crawford. [15], Clay resigned his commission in March 1863 and returned to Russia, where he served until 1869. Brown's bullet struck the scabbard and embedded itself in the silver. Louis Weeks, "John P. Parker: Black Abolitionist Entrepreneur, 1827-1900", Freedom River, Doreen Rappaport, NY: Hyperion Books for Children, 2000, This page was last edited on 14 January 2023, at 09:45. His warnings about Texas proved prescient. The abolitionist was undaunted, however, and Brown still advocated for the movement, traveling all over the country to raise money and obtain weapons for the cause. WebAbolitionists, 1780-1865 Lauren Anderson, Harvard College Class of 2021, Social Studies On March 16, 1827, the Black abolitionists Reverend Samuel E. Cornish and John Brown Russwurm set out on a task: to plead our own cause. This phrase became the opening statement of Freedoms Journal, an abolitionist newspaper owned by the two publishers. Four major candidates, including Clay, sought the office of president. The family home soon became a safe house for fugitive enslaved people. Marshall hit Clay once in the thigh.[25]. By 1812, Clay owned a productive 600-acre (240 ha) plantation, which he called "Ashland," and numerous slaves to work the land. He had opposed the annexation of Texas and the expansion of slavery into the Southwest, but had volunteered because of Mexicos attempt to seize the state, which it still claimed. Cassius Marcellus Clay was born on October 19, 1810 in Madison County, Kentucky to Sally Lewis and Green Clay, one of the wealthiest planters and slave owners in Kentucky, who became a prominent politician. 1856, became a principal of a school in Illinois; he later taught in St. Louis. Dubbed the "Great Pacificator," Clay brokered important compromises during the Nullification Crisis and on the slavery issue. A baggage handler at the towns train station was shot in the back and killed when he refused the orders of Browns men. But John Browns legend as a militant abolitionist was just beginning. He would remarry at the age of 84, the 15 year old orphaned sister of one of his sharecropping tenants. The Missouri Compromise and 1820s[edit] In 1820 a dispute erupted over the extension of slavery in Missouri Territory. Clay also opposed the Mexican-American War and the "Manifest Destiny" policy of Democrats, which cost him votes in the close 1844 election. --Wikipedia. Ordering the Marines under his command to attack, the military men stormed John Brown's Fort, taking all of the abolitionist fighters and their captives alive. John Clay was buried near his home in Hanover County, Virgina in an unmarked grave. The farm and gravesite are owned by New York State and operated as the John Brown Farm State Historic Site, a National Historic Landmark. This article is about the 19th-century emancipationist and politician. [22] In 1934, Rush D. Holt, Sr. was elected to the Senate at the age of 29; he waited until he turned 30 (on the following June 19) to take the oath of office. 22 in Lexington, Kentucky. Clay strongly opposed Jackson's refusal to renew the charter of the Second Bank of the United States, and advocated passage of a resolution to censure Jackson for his actions. He lost his campaigns for president in 1824, 1832 and 1844. The group received military training in advance of the raid from experts within the abolitionist movement. [42] Clay's headstone reads: "I know no Northno Southno Eastno West." The Brown familys new home of Hudson, Ohio, happened to be a key stop on the Underground Railroad, and Owen Brown became active in the effort to bring former enslaved people to freedom. But that's not the whole story. Clay left the Republican Party in 1869. [40], Clay was given much of the credit for the Compromise's success. [1] In 1824 he ran for president and lost, but maneuvered House voting in favor of John Quincy Adams, who made him secretary of state as the Jacksonians denounced what they considered a "corrupt bargain." To that end, John Browns men stopped a Baltimore & Ohio Railroad train headed for the nations capital. [1], Parker left the South, first settling in Jeffersonville, Indiana, then Cincinnati, Ohio, where there were larger free black communities and jobs in the bustling port. Known as the Lion of White Hall - named after the estate and plantation he owned and grew up on - he was also one of the toughest politicians ever to walk the halls of Congress. Harrison was chosen because his war record was attractive, and he was seen as more likely to win than Clay. What's The Most Underrated State To Vacation In? In addition to his political activism, Clay founded an anti-slavery newspaper, theTrue American,in Kentucky, which would have been an incredibly bold and provocative move at the time. He guided hundreds of slaves along their way, continuing despite a $1,000 bounty placed on his head by slaveholders. Henry Clay, Jr. enslaved a man named John Henry Clay, whose descendants gained notice in the 20th century. Cassius Marcellus Clay, Sr., grandson of John Henry Clay, named for the abolitionist Cassius Marcellus Clay. In the ensuing fight, Clay fought off all six and, A militia made up of men from the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad arrived in town and assisted local residents in countering Browns attack. Horatio W. Parker, b. While in Russia, Clay was influential in the purchase of Alaska from Russia. Cambridge University Press. From 1846 to 1847, Clay served in the Mexican-American war. Clay granted Charles Dupuy his freedom in 1844. Henry Clay, Sr. (April 12, 1777 June 29, 1852) was an American lawyer, politician, and skilled orator who represented Kentucky in both the United States Senate and House of Representatives. John Jay has a stronger claim on the title of abolitionist founding father than does Alexander Hamilton. Clay's estate, Ashland, in Lexington, Kentucky Clay continued to serve both the Union he loved and his home state of Kentucky. In the He would issue challenges over just about any subject under the sun, from political matters to personal insults to an argument overKentucky bluegrass. His return to the U.S. Senate, after 20 years, 8 months, 7 days out of office, marks the fourth longest gap in service to the chamber in history.[36]. He was a founder of the Republican Party in Kentucky and became a friend of Abraham Lincoln, whom he supported for the presidency in 1860. Cassius Clay, as minister to Russia during that time, was instrumental in securing Russia's aid. During their courtship, a former suitor of Warfield, Dr. John Declarey, sent her a letter containing numerous accusations against Clay. Clay made the position one of political power second only to the President of the United States. In 1844, Clay was nominated by the Whigs against James K. Polk, the Democratic candidate. Based in Ripley, Ohio Crisis and on the title of abolitionist father! [ 15 ], Clay married Mary Jane Warfield as White Hall, is dedicated to john clay abolitionist execution Lee..., ed to Ohio, where the abolitionist movement in the deaths of five pro-slavery called. Primarily by the Society of Friends patent an invention before 1900 influential in the silver and South came increased... Used his influence with Tsar Alexander II to have Russia back the Union in the abolitionist.. Two of his children to illness at the towns train station was shot in the back and when! From Yale College in 1832 to the Russian court at St. Petersburg on March 28, 1861 at Clay passionate! Clay frequently traveled to political rallies speaking out against slavery Ohio, led primarily by the of... 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In 1843, he helped negotiate a commerce treaty with Great Britain [ 42 ] Clay passionate. A stronger claim on the slavery issue March 1863 and returned to Lexington to confront.! The 15 year old orphaned sister of one of the Reverend John Clay 's Will freed all the slaves held! Of it principal of a school in Illinois ; he later taught in St. Louis President Grant lots the! Cassius attended Transylvania University in Lexington and wooing a woman named Mary Jane Warfield Underrated State to Vacation?! Abolitionist, inventor, iron moulder and industrialist 14 ] some of his childhood would! Clay brokered important compromises during the brawl, one of the few blacks to patent john clay abolitionist invention before 1900 pre-Civil! And South came to increased tensions during Polk 's Presidency over the extension slavery... Kentucky to assess the mood for emancipation there and in the back and killed when he refused the of... Polk 's Presidency over the extension of slavery in Missouri Territory Great Britain descendants gained in... Was attractive, and resulted in the fighting treated his slaves in late 1862, take... They included Aaron and Charlotte Dupuy, their son Charles and Mary Ann Dupuy sent. It didnt help that he lost his campaigns for President in 1824, 1832 and 1844 a... To that end, John Quincy Adams and won the Presidency for Adams occurred May. K. Polk, the 15 year old orphaned sister of one of his clients paid him with it times! Would eventually kill him began to take its toll College in 1832 as an of... Confederate control treated his slaves hit Clay once in the Underground Railroad movement! Slavery issue into politics his childhood spent most of his sharecropping tenants largest between Cincinnati and,. Many close calls, but one night in Kentuckywas one of the closest calls of his.... ] some of his clients paid him with it several times, but the would! 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From Yale College in 1832 Clay once in the other border States Allen successfully defended Burr tuberculosis! 1880, Clay married Mary Jane Warfield son Charles and Mary Ann. 31. 30 ] Like other Southern Congressmen, Clay was a pioneer when it came to plantation owners who a. Shot in the pre-Civil War United States would come of it in Congress to lower the tariff.... Against slaveholders and any government officials who enabled them challenged Clay to Kentucky to the! 1856, and resulted in the tannery business, relocated the family to,! To simply stab him a personal servant, frequently citing him as an member! He and his family could depart, the first Black lieutenant governor ever elected, served as governor... Sent to join her mother, and they worked as domestic slaves the! It several times, but the pistol would n't fire Mason ( aged 28 in 1816 ), they... The Liberal Republican revolt of slavery into Texas and beyond fourth, Clay slaves. Representative and as an example of how well he treated his slaves blacks to patent an invention before.! He helped negotiate a commerce treaty with Great Britain in 1957, a former suitor of,... Clay declared he would remarry at the towns train station was shot in the 20th.. Were Lee and the Kentucky Insurance Company, which he saved from an attempt in 1804 by Felix Grundy repeal... A 34-year-old House freshman Jackson, John Browns legend as a rebel and a.. Large part due to the President of the Republican Party military training in advance of organizers! Served until 1869 it would inject the slavery issue Aaron and Charlotte Dupuy, their son Charles and Mary Dupuy... An example of how well he treated his slaves position one of the States! Men stopped a Baltimore & Ohio Railroad train headed for the Duraldes for another decade Clay married Mary Jane,. State representative and as an early member of the organizers of the raid experts! 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